Optimization of preanalytical conditions and analysis of plasma glucose. 1. Impact of the new WHO and ADA recommendations on diagnosis of diabetes mellitus

REFERENCES

• The report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 1997; 20: 1183–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications. World Health Organization 1999, WHO/N CD/N CS/99, 2.
   Google Scholar
• Guder WG, Narayanan S, Wissser H, Zawta B. Samples: From the patient to the laboratory. The impact of preanalytical variables on the quality of laboratory results. Git Verlag, Darmstadt 1996. ISBN 3-928865-22–6.
   Google Scholar
• Felding P, Tryding N, Hyltoft Petersen P, HOrder M. Effects of posture on concentration of blood constituents in healthy adults: practical application of blood specimen collection procedures rec-ommended by the Scandinavian Committee on reference values. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1980; 40: 615–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakashima K, Takei H, Nasu Y, Andoh Y. D-mannose as a preservative of glucose in blood samples. Clin Chem 1987; 35: 708–10.
   Google Scholar
• Chan AYW, Swaminathan R, Cockram CS. Effectiveness of sodium fluoride as a preservative of glucose in blood. Clin Chem 1989; 35: 315–7.
   Google Scholar
• Burrin JM, Alberti KGMM. What is blood glu-cose: Can it be measured? Diabet Med 1990; 7: 199–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its compli-cations. Part 1. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 1998; 15: 539–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer K, Worofka B, Kittl EM, Hofmann J. Blood sampling and sample transportation in a hospital — an approach to general improvement and quality assurance. Proceedings of the second symposium: the impact of the pre-analytical phase of laboratory result. Oxford, UK, 1996 July 5–7, p. 21.
   Google Scholar
• JOrgensen LGM, Stahl M, Brandslund I, Hyltoft Petersen P, Borch-Johnsen K, Olivarius N de Fine. The impact of the new WHO and ADA recommen-dations on the diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus. 2. The plasma glucose reference interval in a non-risk population. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2001; 61: 181–90.
   Google Scholar
• Hyltoft Petersen P, Brandslund I, Jorgensen L, Stahl M, Olivarius N de Fine, Borch-Johnsen K. Evaluation of systematic and random factors in measurements of fasting plasma glucose as the basis for analytical quality specifications in the diagnosis of diabetes. 3. Impact of the new WHO and ADA recommendation on diagnosis of dia-betes mellitus. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2001; 61: 191–204.
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt FH. Die enzymatische Bestimmung von Glucose und Fructose nebeneinander. Klin Wschr 1961;39: 1244–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Forstmeyer and Ehrhardt. Laboratory accredi-tation compliance sheet on BM Glucose HK (Liquid). Boehringer Mannheim, July 1994.
   Google Scholar
• National Institute of Standards and Technology. Standard reference material 965. Geithersburg, MD 20899: NIST, December 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measure-ment. Draft EURACHEM/CITAC guide. Second edition, Helsinki, June 1999, p. 102.
   Google Scholar
• Zawta B. Quality requirements for the stability of analytes. Proceedings of the second symposium: The Impact of the Pre-Analytical Phase of Laboratory Results. Oxford, UK, 1996, July 5–7,P.28
   Google Scholar
• Hyltoft Petersen P, Stöckl D, Blaabjerg 0, Pedersen B, Birkemose E, Thienpont L, Lassen JF, Kjeldsen. Graphical interpretation of analytical data from comparison of a field method with a Reference Method by use of difference plots. J Clin Chem 1997;43: 2039–46.
   Google Scholar
• Stahl M, Brandslund I, Iversen S, Filtenborg JA. Quality assessment of blood glucose testing in general practitioners' offices improves quality. Clin Chem 1997;43: 1926–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraser Callum G, Hyltoft Petersen P, Libeer JC, Ricos C. Proposals for setting generally applicable quality goals solely based on biology. Ann Clin Biochem 1997; 34: 8–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gowans EMS, Hyltoft Petersen P, Blaabjerg 0, Horder M. Analytical goals for the acceptance of common reference intervals for laboratories throughout a geographic area. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1988;48: 757–64.
   Google Scholar
• Sebastian-Gambaro MA, Liron-Hernandez FJ, Fuentes-Arderiu X. Intra- and inter-individual bio-logical variability data bank. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1997; 35: 845–52.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fraser CG, Hyltoft Petersen P. Analytical perform-ance characteristics should be judged against objec-tive quality specifications. Clin Chem 1999; 45: 321–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummings ST, Fraser CG. Variability of capillary plasma glucose in healthy individuals in repeated 75g oral glucose tolerance tests. Ann Clin Biochem 1998; 25: 634–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rehak NN, Chiang BT. Storage of whole blood: effect of temperature on the measured concen-tration of analytes in serum. Clin Chem 1988; 34: 2111–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landt M. Glyceraldehyde preserves glucose con-centrations in whole blood specimens. Clin Chem 2000; 46: 1144–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felding P, Hyltoft Petersen P, Horder M. The stability of blood, plasma and serum constituents during simulated transport. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1981;41: 35–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg B, Estborn B, Tryding N. Stability of serum and blood constituents during mail transport. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1981;41: 425–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Contant G, Gouault-Heilman M, Martinoli JL. Heparin inactivation during blood storage: its pre-vention by blood collection in citric acid, theophyl-line, adenosine, dipyridamole — CTAD mixture. Thromb Res 1983; 31: 365–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fogh-Andersen N, D'Orazio P. Proposal for stan-dardizing direct-reading biosensors for blood glu-cose. Clin Chem 1998; 44: 655–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar