Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in dialysis patients, renal transplant recipients and healthy controls

REFERENCES

• Kuo CC, Jackson LA, Campbell LA, Grayston JT. Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR). Clin Microbiol Rev 1995; 8: 451–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson M, Kuo CC, Middaugh JP, Campbell LA, Wang SP, Newman WP, Finley JC, Grayston JT. Confirmed previous infection with Chlamydia pneumonaie (TWAR) and its presence in early coronary atherosclerosis. Circulation 1998; 98: 628–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saikku P, Leinonen M, Tenkanen L, Linnanmaki E, Ekman MR, Manninen V, Manttari M, Frick MH, Huttunen JK. Chronic Chlamydia pneumoniae infection as a risk factor for coronary heart disease in the Helsinki Heart Study. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116: 273–8.
   Google Scholar
• Danesh J, Whincup P, Lewington S, Walker M, Lennon L, Thomson A, Wong YK, Zhou X, Ward M. Chlamydia pneumoniae IgA titres and coronary heart disease; prospective study and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2002; 23: 371–5.
   Google Scholar
• Danesh J, Whincup P, Walker M, Lennon L, Thomson A, Appleby P, Wong Y, Bernardes-Silva M, Ward M. Chlamydia pneumoniae IgG titres and coronary heart disease: prospective study and meta-analysis. Br Med J 2000; 321(7255): 208–13.
   Google Scholar
• Kuo CC, Coulson AS, Campbell LE, Cappuccio AL, Lawrence RD, Wang SP, Grayston JT. Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in athero-sclerotic plaques in the walls of arteries of lower extremities from patients undergoing bypass operation for aterial obstruction. J Vasc Surg 1997; 26: 29–31.
   Google Scholar
• Kuo CC, Campbell LE. Is infection with Chla-mydia pneumoniae a causative agent in athero-sclerosis. Mol Med Today 1998; 10: 426–30.
   Google Scholar
• Fong IW, Chiu B, Viira E, Fong MW, Jong D, Mahony J. Rabbit model for Chlamydia pneumo-niae infection. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35: 48–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muhlestein JB, Anderson JL, Hammond EH, Zau L, Trehan S, Carlquist JF. Infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae accelerates the develop-ment of atherosclerosis and treatment with azithro-mycin prevents it in a rabbit model. Circulation 1998; 97: 633–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta S. Elevated Chlamydia pneumoniae anti-bodies, cardiovascular events, and azithromyzin in male survivors of myocardial infarction. Circula-tion 1997; 96: 404–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurfinkel E, Bozovich G, Daroca A, Beck E, Mautner B. Randomised trial of roxithromyzin in non-Q-wave coronary syndromes: ROXIS pilot study. Lancet 1997; 350: 404–7.
   Google Scholar
• Robinson K, Gupta A, Dennis V, Arheart K, Chaudhary D, Green R, Vigo R, Mayer EL, Selhub J, Kutner M, Jacobsen DW. Hyperhomo-cysteinemia confers an independent increased risk of atherosclerosis in end-stage renal disease and is closely linked to plasma folate and pyridoxine concentrations. Circulation 1996; 94: 2743–8.
   Google Scholar
• Stenvinkel P, Heimbfirger 0, Jogerstrand T, Kämell A, Samuelsson A. Does persistent infec-tion with Chlamydia pneumoniae increase the risk of atherosclerosis in chronic renal failure. Kidney Int 1999; 6: 2531–2.
   Google Scholar
• Zoccali C, Benedetto FA, Mallamaci F, Tripepi G, Fermo I, Foca A, Paroni R, Malatino LS. Inflammation is associated with carotid athero-sclerosis in dialysis patients. Creed investigators. Cardiovascular risk extended evaluation in dialysis patients. J Hypertens 2000; 18: 1207–13.
   Google Scholar
• Condos R, McClune A, Rom WN, Schluger NW. Peripheral-blood-based PCR assay to identify patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Lancet 1996; 347: 1082–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boehringer Mannheim. PCR applications manual. 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Kubota Y. A new primer pair for detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae by polymerase chain reaction. Microbiol Immunol 1996; 40: 27–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haranaga S, Yamaguchi H, Leparc GF, Friedman H, Yamamoto Y. Detection of Chlamydia pneu-monaie antigen in PBMNCs of healthy blood donors. Transfusion 2001; 41: 1114–9.
   Google Scholar
• Maass M, Jahn J, Gieffers J, Dalhoff K, Katus HA, Solbach W. Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae within peripheral blood monocytes of patients with unstable angina or myocardial infarction. J Infect Dis 2000; 181 Suppl. 3: 449–51.
   Google Scholar
• Bartels C, Maass M, Bein G, Brill N, Bechtel JF, Leyh R, Sievers HH. Association of serology with the endovascular presence of Chlamydia pneumo-niae and cytomegalovirus in coronary artery and vein graft disease. Circulation 2000; 101: 137–41.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell LA, O'Brien ER, Cappuccio AL, Kuo CC, Wang SP, Stewart D, Patton DL, Cummings PK, Grayston JT. Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae TWAR in human coronary atherectomy tissues. J Infect Dis 1995; 172: 585–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong YK, Dawkins KD, Ward ME. Circulating Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA as a predictor of coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 34: 1435–9.
   Google Scholar
• Boman J, Gaydos CA. Polymerase chain reaction of Chlamydia pneumoniae in circulating white blood cells. J Infect Dis 2000; 181 Supp 3: 452–4.
   Google Scholar
• Boman J, Gaydos CA, Quinn TC. Molecular diagnosis of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37: 3791–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zydlewski AW, Stothard DR, van der Pol B, Jones RB, Fib o RS, Hasbargen JA. Is there a role for Chlamydia pneumoniae in hemodialysis vas-cular access thrombosis? Am J Kid Dis 2000; 36: 1122–5.
   Google Scholar
• Blasi F, Boman J, Esposito G, Melissano G, Chiesa R, Cosentini R, Tarsia P, Tshomba Y, Betti M, Alessi M, Morelli N, Allegra L. Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA detection in peri-pheral blood mononuclear cells is predictive of vascular infection. J Infect Dis 1999; 180: 2074–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laitinen L, Laurila AL, Leinonen M, Saikku P. Reactivation of Chlamydia pneumonaie infection in mice by cortisone treatment. Infect Immun 1996; 4: 1488–90.
   Google Scholar
• Fryer RH, Schwobe EP, Woods ML, Rodgers GM. Chlamydia species infect human vascular endo-thelial cells and induce procoagulant activity. J Invest Med 1997; 45: 168–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar