References
- Young T., Palta M., Dempsey J., Skatrud J., Weber S., Badr S. The occurrence of sleep‐disordered breathing among middle‐aged adults. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 1230–5
- Lavie P., Herer P., Hoffstein V. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome as a risk factor for hypertension: population study. Br Med J 2000; 320: 479–82
- Davies C. W. H., Crosby J. H., Mullins R. L., Barbour C., Davies R. J. O., Stradling J. R. Case‐control study of 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea and normal matched control subjects. Thorax 2000; 55: 736–40
- Pankow W., Nabe B., Lies A., Becker H., Köhler U., Kohl F–V., et al. Influence of sleep apnoea on 24‐hour blood pressure. Chest 1997; 112: 1253–8
- Börgel J., Sanner B. M., Keskin F., Bittlinsky A., Bartels N. K., Büchner N., et al. Obstructive sleep apnea and blood pressure. Am J Hypertens 2004; 17: 1081–7
- Peppard P. E., Young T., Palta M., Skatrud J. Prospective study of the association between sleep disordered breathing and hypertension. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 1378–84
- Peker Y., Hedner J., Norum J., Kraiczi H., Carlson J. Increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in middle‐aged men with obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166: 159–65
- Marin J. M., Carrizo S. J., Vicente E., Agusti A. G. N. Long‐term cardiovascular outcomes in men with obstructive sleep apnoea‐hypopnoea with or without treatment with continuous positive airway pressure: an observational study. Lancet 2005; 365: 1046–53
- Gami A. S., Howard D. E., Olson E. J., Somers V. K. Day–night pattern of sudden death in obstructive sleep apnea. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 1206–14
- Svatikova A., Shamsuzzaman A. S., Wolk R., Phillips B. G., Olson L. J., Somers V. K. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide in obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Cardiol 2004; 94: 529–32
- Maillard D., Fineyre F., Dreyfuss D., Djedaini K., Blanchet F., Paycha F., et al. Pressure‐heart rate responses to α‐adrenergic stimulation and hormonal regulation in normotensive patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Hypertens 1997; 10: 24–31
- Partinen M., Telakivi T., Kaukiainen A., Salmi T., Färkkilä M., Saijonmaa O., et al. Atrial natriuretic peptide in habitual snorers. Ann Med 1991; 23: 147–51
- Møller D. S., Lind P., Strunge B., Pedersen E. B. Abnormal vasoactive hormones and 24‐hour blood pressure in obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Hypertens 2003; 16: 274–80
- Kita H., Ohi M., Chin K., Noguchi T., Otsuka N., Tsuboi T., et al. The nocturnal secretion of cardiac natriuretic peptides during obstructive sleep apnoea and its response to therapy with nasal continuous positive airway pressure. J Sleep Res 1998; 7: 199–207
- Umlauf M. G., Chasens E. R., Greevy R. A., Arnold J., Burgio K. L., Pillion D. J. Obstructive sleep apnoea, nocturia and polyuria in older Adults. Sleep 2004; 27: 139–44
- Gjørup P. H., Sadauskiene L., Wessels J., Nyvad O., Strunge B., Pedersen E. B. Abnormally increased endothelin‐1 in plasma during the night in obstructive sleep apnea: relation to blood pressure and severity of disease. Am J Hypertens 2007; 20: 44–52
- Pedersen E. B., Danielsen H., Spencer E. S. Effect of indapamide on renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate and arginine vasopressin in plasma in essential hypertension. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1984; 26: 543–7
- Thomassen A. R., Bagger J. P., Nielsen T. T., Pedersen E. B. Atrial natriuretic peptide during pacing in controls and patients with coronary arterial disease. Int J Cardiol 1987; 17: 267–76
- Jensen K. T., Carstens J., Ivarsen P., Pedersen E. B. A new, fast and reliable radio immunoassay of brain natriuretic peptide in human plasma. Reference values in healthy subjects and in patients with different diseases. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1997; 57: 529–40
- Pedersen R. S., Bentzen H., Bech J. N., Pedersen E. B. Effect of water deprivation and hypertonic saline infusion on urinary AQP2 excretion in healthy humans. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2001; 280: F860–7
- Geleijnse J. M., Kok F. J., Grobbee D. E. Impact of dietary and lifestyle factors on the prevalence of hypertension in Western populations. Eur J Public Health 2004; 14: 235–9
- Krieger J., Imbs J. L., Schmidt M., Kurtz D. Renal function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Ach Intern Med 1998; 148: 1337–40
- Ichioka M., Hirata Y., Inase N., Tojo N., Yoshizawa M., Chida M., et al. Changes of circulating atrial natriuretic peptide and antidiuretic hormone in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Respiration 1992; 59: 164–8
- Suzuki M., Guilleminault C., Otsuka K., Shiiomi T. Blood pressure “dipping” and “non‐dipping” in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients. Sleep 1996; 19: 382–7
- Staessen J. A., Birkenhäger W., Bulpitt C. J., Fagard R., Fletcher A. E., Lijnen P., et al. The relationship between blood pressure and sodium and potassium excretion during the day and at night. J Hypertens 1993; 11: 443–7
- Uzu T., Kimura G., Yamauchi A., Kanasaki M., Isshiki K., Araki S., et al. Enhanced sodium sensitivity and disturbed circadian rhythm of blood pressure in essential hypertension. J Hypertens 2006; 24: 1627–32
- Tasci S., Manka R., Scholtyssek S., Lentini S., Troatz C., Stoffel‐Wagner B., et al. NT‐pro‐BNP in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is decreased by nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Clin Res Cardiol 2006; 95: 23–30
- Laaban J. P., Pascal‐Sebaoun S., Bloch E., Orvoën‐Frija E., Oppert J. M., Huchon G. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Chest 2002; 122: 1133–8
- Fung J. W. H., Li T. S. T., Choy D. K. L., Yip G. W. K., Ko F. W. S., Sanderson J. E., et al. Severe obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Chest 2002; 121: 422–9
- Sanner B. M., Konermann M., Sturm A., Müller H. J., Zidek W. Right ventricular dysfunction in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Eur Respir J 1997; 10: 2079–83
- Sagnella G. A. Measurement and significance of circulating natriuretic peptides in cardiovascular disease. Clin Sci 1998; 95: 519–29
- Zhang X., Hense H‐W., Riegger G. A. J., Schunkert H. Association of arginin vasopressin and arterial blood pressure in a population‐based sample. J Hypertens 1999; 17: 319–24
- Os I., Kjeldsen S. E., Shjøtø J., Westheim A., Lande K., Aakesson I., et al. Increased plasma vasopressin in low renin essential hypertension. Hypertension 1986; 8: 506–13
- Padfield P. L., Brown J. J., Lever A. F., Morton J. J., Robertson J. I. S. Blood pressure in acute and chronic vasopressin excess: Studies of malignant hypertension and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. N Engl J Med 1981; 304: 1067–70
- Goodfriend T. L., Egan B. M., Kelley D. E. Aldosterone in obesity. Endocr Res 1998; 24: 789–96
- Lawrence D. L., Skatrud J. B., Shenker Y. Effect of hypoxia on atrial natriuretic factor and aldosterone regulation in humans. Am J Physiol (Endocrinol Metab) 1990; 258: E243–8
- Calhoun D. A., Nishizaka M. K., Zaman M. A., Harding S. M. Aldosterone excretion among subjects with resistant hypertension and symptoms of sleep apnea. Chest 1004; 125: 112–7