Comparison of osteogenesis of human embryonic stem cells within 2D and 3D culture systems

References

• Braddock M., Houston P., Campbell C., Ashcroft P. Born again bone: tissue engineering for bone repair. News Physiol Sci 2001; 16: 208–13
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bock A. K., Ibarreta D., Rodriguez‐Cerezo E. Human tissue‐engineered products – today's markets and future prospects. European Commission (2003). Report EUR 21000 EN
   Google Scholar
• Bell E. Tissue engineering in perspective. Principles of tissue engineering, 2nd edn, R. P Lanza, R Langer, J Vacanti. Academic Press, San Diego 2000; xxxv–xli
   Google Scholar
• Barry F. P., Murphy J. M. Mesenchymal stem cells: clinical applications and biological characterization. Int J Biochem Cell Bio 2004; 36: 568–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer U., Joos U., Wiesmann H. P. Biological and biophysical principles in extracorporeal bone tissue engineering Part I. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004; 33: 325–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doss M. X., Koehler C. I., Gissel C., Hescheler J., Sachinidis A. Embryonic stem cells: A promising tool for cell replacement therapy. J Cell Mol Med 2004; 8: 465–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salgado A. J., Coutinho O. P., Reis R. L. Novel starch‐based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: Cytotoxicity, cell culture, and protein expression. Tissue Eng 2004; 10: 465–74
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim H. D., Valentini R. F. Retention and activity of BMP‐2 in hyaluronic acid‐based scaffolds in vitro. J Biomed Mater Res 2002; 59: 573–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciapetti G., Ambrosio L., Savarino L., Granchi D., Cenni E., Baldini N., et al. Osteoblast growth and function in porous poly ε‐caprolactone matrices for bone repair: A preliminary study. Biomaterials 2003; 24: 3815–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher J. P., Vehof J. W., Dean D., van der Waerden J. P., Holland T. A., Mikos A. G., et al. Soft and hard tissue response to photocrosslinked poly (propylene fumarate) scaffolds in a rabbit model. J Biomed Mater Res 2002; 59: 547–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levenberg S., Burdick J. A., Kraehenbuehl T., Langer R. Neurotrophin‐induced differentiation of human embryonic stem cells on three‐dimensional polymeric scaffolds. Tissue Eng 2005; 11: 506–12
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Keaveny T. M., Morgan E. F., Niebur G. L., Yeh O. C. Biomechanics of trabecular bone. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2001; 3: 307–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hochedlinger K., Rideout W. M., Kyba M., Daley G. Q., Blelloch R., Jaenisch R. Nuclear transplantation, embryonic stem cells, and the potential for cell therapy. Hematol J 2004; 5 Suppl 3: S114–17
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davila J. C., Cezar G. G., Thiede M., Strom S., Miki T., Trosko J. Use and application of stem cells in toxicology. Toxicol Sci 2004; 79: 214–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levenberg S., Huang N. F., Lavik E., Rogers A. B., Itskovitz‐Eldor J., Langer R. Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells on three‐dimensional polymeric scaffolds. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003; 100: 12741–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen S. S., Revoltella R. P., Papini S., Michelini M., Fitzgerald W., Zimmerberg J., et al. Multilineage differentiation of rhesus monkey embryonic stem cells in three‐dimensional culture systems. Stem Cells 2003; 21: 281–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baharvand H., Hashemi S. M., Kazemi Ashtiani S., Farrokhi A. Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into hepatocytes in 2D and 3D culture systems in vitro. Int J Dev Biol 2006; 50: 645–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imamura T., Cui L., Teng R., Johkura K., Okouchi Y., Asanuma K., et al. Embryonic stem cell‐derived embryoid bodies in three‐dimensional culture system form hepatocyte‐like cells in vitro and in vivo. Tissue Eng 2004; 10: 1716–24
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sottile V., Thomson A., McWhir J. In vitro osteogenic differentiation of human ES cells. Cloning Stem Cells 2003; 5: 149–55
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bielby R. C., Boccaccini A. R., Polak J. M., Buttery L. D. In vitro differentiation and in vivo mineralization of osteogenic cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Tissue Eng 2004; 10: 1518–25
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karp J. M., Ferreira L. S., Khademhosseini A., Kwon A. H., Yeh J., Langer R. S. Cultivation of human embryonic stem cells without the embryoid body step enhances osteogenesis in vitro. Stem Cells 2006; 24: 835–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kale S., Biermann S., Edwards C., Tarnowski C., Morris M., Long M. W. Three‐dimensional cellular development is essential for ex vivo formation of human bone. Nat Biotechnol 2000; 18: 954–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrera D., Poggi S., Biassoni C., Dickson G. R., Astigiano S., Barbieri O., et al. Three‐dimensional cultures of normal human osteoblasts: proliferation and differentiation potential in vitro and upon ectopic implantation in nude mice. Bone 2002; 30: 718–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holy C. E., Shoichet M. S., Davies J. E. Engineering three‐dimensional bone tissue in vitro using biodegradable scaffolds: Investigating initial cell‐seeding density and culture period. J Biomed Mater Res 2000; 51: 376–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rocha L. B., Goissis G., Rossi M. A. Biocompatibility of anionic collagen matrix as scaffold for bone healing. Biomaterials 2002; 23: 449–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmelzeisen R., Schimming R., Sittinger M. Making bone: Implant insertion into tissue‐engineered bone for maxillary sinus floor augmentation – A preliminary report. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2003; 31: 34–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang X. B., Roach H. I., Clarke N. M., Howdle S. M., Quirk R., Shakesheff K. M., et al. Human osteoprogenitor growth and differentiation on synthetic biodegradable structures after surface modification. Bone 2001; 29: 523–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leskela H. V., Risteli J., Niskanen S., Koivunen J., Ivaska K. K., Lehenkari P. Osteoblast recruitment from stem cells does not decrease by age at late adulthood. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 311: 1008–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inanc B., Elcin A. E., Elcin Y. M. Osteogenic induction of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts under two‐ and three‐dimensional culture conditions. Tissue Eng 2006; 12: 257–66
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cowan C. M., Aghaloo T., Chou Y. F., Walder B., Zhang X., Soo C., et al. MicroCT evaluation of three‐dimensional mineralization in response to BMP‐2 doses in vitro and in critical sized rat calvarial defects. Tissue Eng 2007; 13: 501–12
   PubMedGoogle Scholar