Potassium channel KCNH2 K897T polymorphism and cardiac repolarization during exercise test: The Finnish Cardiovascular Study

References

• Chiang C. E., Roden D. M. The long QT syndromes: genetic basis and clinical implications. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36: 1–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moss A. J., Schwartz P. J., Crampton R. S., Tzivoni D., Locati E. H., MacCluer J., et al. The long QT syndrome. Prospective longitudinal study of 328 families. Circulation 1991; 84: 1136–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz P. J., Zaza A., Locati E., Moss A. J. Stress and sudden death. The case of the long QT syndrome. Circulation 1991; 83: II71–80
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schwartz P. J., Priori S. G., Spazzolini C., Moss A. J., Vincent G. M., Napolitano C., et al. Genotype–phenotype correlation in the long‐QT syndrome: gene‐specific triggers for life‐threatening arrhythmias. Circulation 2001; 103: 89–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roden D. M., Balser J. R., George A. L Jr., Anderson M. E. Cardiac ion channels. Annu Rev Physiol 2002; 64: 431–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamargo J., Caballero R., Gomez R., Valenzuela C., Delpon E. Pharmacology of cardiac potassium channels. Cardiovasc Res 2004; 62: 9–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laitinen P., Fodstad H., Piippo K., Swan H., Toivonen L., Viitasalo M., et al. Survey of the coding region of the HERG gene in long QT syndrome reveals six novel mutations and an amino acid polymorphism with possible phenotypic effects. Hum Mutat 2000; 15: 580–1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bezzina C. R., Verkerk A. O., Busjahn A., Jeron A., Erdmann J., Koopmann T. T., et al. A common polymorphism in KCNH2 (HERG) hastens cardiac repolarization. Cardiovasc Res 2003; 59: 27–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbott G. W., Sesti F., Splawski I., Buck M. E., Lehmann M. H., Timothy K. W., et al. MiRP1 forms IKr potassium channels with HERG and is associated with cardiac arrhythmia. Cell 1999; 97: 175–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald T. V., Yu Z., Ming Z., Palma E., Meyers M. B., Wang K. W., et al. A minK‐HERG complex regulates the cardiac potassium current I(Kr). Nature 1997; 388: 289–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sesti F., Abbott G. W., Wei J., Murray K. T., Saksena S., Schwartz P. J., et al. A common polymorphism associated with antibiotic‐induced cardiac arrhythmia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97: 10613–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anson B. D., Ackerman M. J., Tester D. J., Will M. L., Delisle B. P., Anderson C. L., et al. Molecular and functional characterization of common polymorphisms in HERG (KCNH2) potassium channels. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2004; 286: H2434–41
   Google Scholar
• Paavonen K. J., Chapman H., Laitinen P. J., Fodstad H., Piippo K., Swan H., et al. Functional characterization of the common amino acid 897 polymorphism of the cardiac potassium channel KCNH2 (HERG). Cardiovasc Res 2003; 59: 603–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfeufer A., Jalilzadeh S., Perz S., Mueller J. C., Hinterseer M., Illig T., et al. Common variants in myocardial ion channel genes modify the QT interval in the general population: results from the KORA study. Circ Res 2005; 96: 693–701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pietila E., Fodstad H., Niskasaari E., Laitinen P. P., Swan H., Savolainen M., et al. Association between HERG K897T polymorphism and QT interval in middle‐aged Finnish women. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40: 511–14
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scherer C. R., Lerche C., Decher N., Dennis A. T., Maier P., Ficker E., et al. The antihistamine fexofenadine does not affect I(Kr) currents in a case report of drug‐induced cardiac arrhythmia. Br J Pharmacol 2002; 137: 892–900
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crotti L., Lundquist A. L., Insolia R., Pedrazzini M., Ferrandi C., De Ferrari G. M., et al. KCNH2‐K897T is a genetic modifier of latent congenital long‐QT syndrome. Circulation 2005; 112: 1251–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker B. D., Krahn A. D., Klein G. J., Skanes A. C., Yee R., Wang J., et al. Effect of change in posture and exercise on repolarization in patients with long QT syndrome with HERG channel mutations. Can J Cardiol 2005; 21: 33–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosenbaum D. S., Jackson L. E., Smith J. M., Garan H., Ruskin J. N., Cohen R. J. Electrical alternans and vulnerability to ventricular arrhythmias. N Engl J Med 1994; 330: 235–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz P. J., Moss A. J., Vincent G. M., Crampton R. S. Diagnostic criteria for the long QT syndrome. An update. Circulation 1993; 88: 782–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nieminen T., Lehtinen R., Viik J., Lehtimaki T., Niemela K., Nikus K., et al. The Finnish Cardiovascular Study (FINCAVAS): characterising patients with high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2006; 6: 9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mason R. E., Likar I. A new system of multiple‐lead exercise electrocardiography. Am Heart J 1966; 71: 196–205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo S., Michler K., Johnston P., Macfarlane P. W. A comparison of commonly used QT correction formulae: the effect of heart rate on the QTc of normal ECGs. J Electrocardiol 2004; 37: 81–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nearing B. D., Verrier R. L. Modified moving average analysis of T‐wave alternans to predict ventricular fibrillation with high accuracy. J Appl Physiol 2002; 92: 541–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bloomfield D. M., Hohnloser S. H., Cohen R. J. Interpretation and classification of microvolt T wave alternans tests. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2002; 13: 502–12
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Livak K. J. Allelic discrimination using fluorogenic probes and the 5( nuclease assay. Genet Anal 1999; 14: 143–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Priori S. G., Schwartz P. J., Napolitano C., Bloise R., Ronchetti E., Grillo M., et al. Risk stratification in the long‐QT syndrome. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 1866–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rautaharju P. M., Zhou S. H., Wong S., Calhoun H. P., Berenson G. S., Prineas R., et al. Sex differences in the evolution of the electrocardiographic QT interval with age. Can J Cardiol 1992; 8: 690–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conrath C. E., Wilde A. A., Jongbloed R. J., Alders M., van Langen I. M., van Tintelen J. P., et al. Gender differences in the long QT syndrome: effects of beta‐adrenoceptor blockade. Cardiovasc Res 2002; 53: 770–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ebbehoj E., Arildsen H., Hansen K. W., Mogensen C. E., Molgaard H., Poulsen P. L. Effects of metoprolol on QT interval and QT dispersion in Type 1 diabetic patients with abnormal albuminuria. Diabetologia 2004; 47: 1009–15
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moss A. J., Zareba W., Hall W. J., Schwartz P. J., Crampton R. S., Benhorin J., et al. Effectiveness and limitations of beta‐blocker therapy in congenital long‐QT syndrome. Circulation 2000; 101: 616–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Priori S. G., Napolitano C., Diehl L., Schwartz P. J. Dispersion of the QT interval. A marker of therapeutic efficacy in the idiopathic long QT syndrome. Circulation 1994; 89: 1681–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dovgalevskii P., Rybak O. K., Furman N. V., Sham'iunov M. R., Morozov I. A. [Relationship of the duration of QT interval and corrected QT interval in patients with coronary heart disease and the cause of the bicycle ergometer test cessation]. Ter Arkh 2002; 74: 18–20
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nearing B. D., Huang A. H., Verrier R. L. Dynamic tracking of cardiac vulnerability by complex demodulation of the T wave. Science 1991; 252: 437–40
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karjalainen J., Viitasalo M., Manttari M., Manninen V. Relation between QT intervals and heart rates from 40 to 120 beats/min in rest electrocardiograms of men and a simple method to adjust QT interval values. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994; 23: 1547–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yi G., Crook R., Guo X. H., Staunton A., Camm A. J., Malik M. Exercise‐induced changes in the QT interval duration and dispersion in patients with sudden cardiac death after myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 1998; 63: 271–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malik M., Farbom P., Batchvarov V., Hnatkova K., Camm A. J. Relation between QT and RR intervals is highly individual among healthy subjects: implications for heart rate correction of the QT interval. Heart (British Cardiac Society) 2002; 87: 220–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zacks E. S., Morin D. P., Ageno S., Janik M., Mauer A. C., Markowitz S. M., et al. Effect of oral beta‐blocker therapy on microvolt T‐wave alternans and electrophysiology testing in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Am Heart J 2007; 153: 392–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar