Carcinoembryonic antigen, neuron‐specific enolase and cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA 21‐1) levels in induced sputum of lung cancer patients

References

• Diagnosis and management of lung cancer: ACCP evidence‐based guidelines. Chest 2003; 123(Suppl)1S–337S
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferrigno D., Buccheri G., Biggi A. Serum tumour markers in lung cancer: history, biology and clinical applications. Eur Respir J 1994; 7: 186–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pastor A., Menendez R., Cremades M. J., Pastor V., Llopis R., et al. Diagnostic value of SCC, CEA and CYFRA 21‐1 in lung cancer: a Bayesian analysis. Eur Respir J 1997; 10: 603–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates J., Rutherford R., Divilly M., et al. Clinical value of CYFRA 21‐1, carcinoembryonic antigen, neurona‐specific enolase, tissue polypeptide‐specific antigen and tissue polypeptide antigen in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Eur Respir J 1997; 10: 2535–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Athanassiadou P., Psyhoyou H., Kyrkou K., Athanassiades P., Moulopoulos S. Expression of keratins and carcinoembryonic antigen in bronchial squamous metaplasma and lung carcinomas. Acta Cytol 1995; 39: 1161–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohwada A., Takahashi H., Nagaoka I., Iwabuchi K., Mikami O., et al. Effect of cigarette smoke on the mRNA and protein expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a possible chemoattractant for neutrophils in human bronchioloalveolar tissues. Thorax 1995; 50: 651–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cremades M. J., Menendez R., Pastor A., Llopis R., Aznar J. Diagnostic value of cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA 21‐1) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in lung cancer. Respir Med 1998; 92: 766–71
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Trevisani L., Putinati S., Sartori S., Abbasciano V., Bagni B. Cytokeratin tumor marker levels in bronchial washing in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Chest 1996; 109: 104–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sanguinetti C. M., Riccioni G., Marchesani F., Pela R., Cecarini L. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid level of carcinoembryonic antigen in the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 1995; 50: 177–82
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wesselius L. J., Dark D. S., Papasian C. J. Airway carcinoembryonic antigen concentrations in patients with central lung cancer or chronic bronchitis. Chest 1990; 98: 393–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stockley R. A., Shaw J., Whitfield A. G., Whitehead T. P., Clarke C. A., et al. Effect of cigarette smoking, pulmonary inflammation and lung disease on concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen in serum and secretions. Thorax 1986; 41: 17–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalomenidis I., Dimakou K., Kolintza A., Vlami K., et al. Sputum carcinoembryonic antigen, neuron‐specific enolase and cytokeratin fragment 19 levels in lung cancer diagnosis. Respirology 2004; 9: 54–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chanez P., Holz O., Ind P. W., Djukanovic R., Maestrelli P., et al. Sputum induction. Eur Respir J 2002; 20(Suppl 37)3S–8S
   Google Scholar
• Pizzichini E., Pizzichini M. M., Leigh R., Djukanovic R., Sterk P. J. Safety of sputum induction. Eur Respir J 2002; 37(Suppl)9S–18S
   Google Scholar
• Khajotia R. R., Mohn A., Pokieser L., Schallescuak J., Vetter N. Induced sputum and cytological diagnosis of lung cancer. Lancet 1991; 338: 976–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pin I., Gibson P. G., Kolendowicz R., Girgis‐Gabardo A., Denburg J. A., et al. Use of induced sputum cell counts to investigate airway inflammation in asthma. Thorax 1992; 47: 25–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Diego A., Compte L., Sanchis J., Enguidanos M. J., Marco J. Usefulness of carcinoembryonic antigen determination in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. A comparative study among patients with peripheral lung cancer, pneumonia and healthy individuals. Chest 1991; 100: 1060–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein N., Lippmann M. L., Goldberg S. K., Fein A. M., Shapiro B., et al. Usefulness of tumor markers in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage of patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985; 132: 60–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shitrit D., Zingerman B., Shitrit A. B., Shiomi D., Kramer M. R. Diagnostic value of CYFRA 21‐1, CEA, CA19‐9, CA 15‐3, and CA 125 assays in pleural effusions: analysis of 116 cases and review of the literature. Oncologist 2005; 10: 501–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai R. S., Hsu H. K., Lu J. Y., Ger L. P., Lai N. S. CYFRA 21‐1 enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay: evaluation as a tumor marker in non‐small cell lung cancer. Chest 1996; 109: 995–1000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobashi N., Fujita J., Ohtsuki Y., Yamadori I., Yoshinouchi T., Kamei T., et al. Elevated serum and BAL cytokeratin 19 fragment in pulmonary fibrosis and acute interstitial pneumonia. Eur Respir J 1999; 14: 574–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanazawa H., Yoshikawa T., Yamada M., Shoji S., Fujii T., Kudoh S., et al. CYFRA 21–1, a cytokeratin subunit 19 fragment, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with interstitial lung disease. Clin Sci 1998; 94: 531–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson J. L., Gibson P. G., Wark P. A. B. Optimization of sputum‐processing methods for the measurement of interleukin‐5: effects of protease inhibition. Respirology 2002; 7: 111–16
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Woolhouse I. S., Bayley D. L., Stockley R. A. Effect of sputum processing with dithiothreitol on the detection of inflammatory mediators in chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis. Thorax 2002; 57: 667–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato M., Saito Y., Usuda K., Takahashi S., Sagawa M., et al. Occult lung cancer beyond bronchoscopic visibility in sputum‐cytology positive patients. Lung Cancer 1998; 20: 17–24
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bechtel J. J., Petty T. L., Saccomanno G. Five year survival and later outcome of patients with X‐ray occult lung cancer detected by sputum cytology. Lung Cancer 2000; 30: 1–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar