C‐reactive protein, genetically elevated levels and risk of ischemic heart and cerebrovascular disease

References

• Ridker PM. Clinical application of C‐reactive protein for cardiovascular disease detection and prevention. Circulation 2003; 107(3)363–69
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danesh J, Wheeler JG, Hirschfield GM, et al. C‐reactive protein and other circulating markers of inflammation in the prediction of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 2004; 350(14)1387–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Everett BM, Kurth T, Buring JE, Ridker PM. The relative strength of C‐reactive protein and lipid levels as determinants of ischemic stroke compared with coronary heart disease in women. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48(11)2235–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballantyne CM, Hoogeveen RC, Bang H, et al. Lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, and risk for incident ischemic stroke in middle‐aged men and women in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165(21)2479–84
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sattar N, Murray HM, McConnachie A, et al. C‐reactive protein and prediction of coronary heart disease and global vascular events in the Prospective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER). Circulation 2007; 115(8)981–989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowe GD, Pepys MB. C‐reactive protein and cardiovascular disease: weighing the evidence. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2006; 8(5)421–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FA, et al. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C‐reactive protein. N Engl J Med 2008; 359(21)2195–207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith GD, Ebrahim S. Mendelian randomization: prospects, potentials, and limitations. Int J Epidemiol 2004; 33(1)30–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller DT, Zee RY, Suk DJ, et al. Association of common CRP gene variants with CRP levels and cardiovascular events. Ann Hum Genet 2005; 69(Pt 6)623–638
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carlson CS, Aldred SF, Lee PK, et al. Polymorphisms within the C‐reactive protein (CRP) promoter region are associated with plasma CRP levels. Am J Hum Genet 2005; 77(1)64–77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zacho J, Tybjærg‐Hansen A, Jensen JS, Grande P, Sillesen H, Nordestgaard BG. Genetically elevated C‐reactive protein and ischemic heart and cerebrovascular disease. N Engl J Med 2008; 359(18)1897–908
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordestgaard BG, Benn M, Schnohr P, Tybjaerg‐Hansen A. Nonfasting triglycerides and risk of myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, and death in men and women. JAMA 2007; 298(3)299–308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnohr P, Jensen JS, Scharling H, Nordestgaard BG. Coronary heart disease risk factors ranked by importance for the individual and community. A 21 year follow‐up of 12 000 men and women from The Copenhagen City Heart Study. Eur Heart J 2002; 23(8)620–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frikke‐Schmidt R, Nordestgaard BG, Stene MC, et al. Association of loss‐of‐function mutations in the ABCA1 gene with high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and risk of ischemic heart disease. JAMA 2008; 299(21)2524–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agerholm‐Larsen B, Tybjaerg‐Hansen A, Frikke‐Schmidt R, Gronholdt ML, Jensen G, Nordestgaard BG. ACE gene polymorphism as a risk factor for ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Ann Intern Med 1997; 127(5)346–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frikke‐Schmidt R, Tybjaerg‐Hansen A, Steffensen R, Jensen G, Nordestgaard BG. Apolipoprotein E genotype: epsilon32 women are protected while epsilon43 and epsilon44 men are susceptible to ischemic heart disease: the Copenhagen City Heart Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35(5)1192–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke R, Shipley M, Lewington S, et al. Underestimation of risk associations due to regression dilution in long‐term follow‐up of prospective studies. Am J Epidemiol 1999; 150(4)341–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacMahon S, Peto R, Cutler J, et al. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 1, Prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias. Lancet 1990; 335(8692)765–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casas JP, Shah T, Cooper J, et al. Insight into the nature of the CRP‐coronary event association using Mendelian randomization. Int J Epidemiol 2006; 35(4)922–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Q, Hunt SC, Xu Q, et al. Association study of CRP gene polymorphisms with serum CRP level and cardiovascular risk in the NHLBI Family Heart Study. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006; 291(6)H2752–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kardys I, de Maat MP, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, Witteman JC. C‐reactive protein gene haplotypes and risk of coronary heart disease: the Rotterdam Study. Eur Heart J 2006; 27(11)1331–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovacs A, Green F, Hansson LO, et al. A novel common single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of the C‐reactive protein gene associated with the plasma concentration of C‐reactive protein. Atherosclerosis 2005; 178(1)193–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zee RY, Ridker PM. Polymorphism in the human C‐reactive protein (CRP) gene, plasma concentrations of CRP, and the risk of future arterial thrombosis. Atherosclerosis 2002; 162(1)217–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kathiresan S, Larson MG, Vasan RS, et al. Contribution of clinical correlates and 13 C‐reactive protein gene polymorphisms to interindividual variability in serum C‐reactive protein level. Circulation 2006; 113(11)1415–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reitz C, Berger K, de Maat MP, et al. CRP gene haplotypes, serum CRP, and cerebral small‐vessel disease: the Rotterdam Scan Study and the MEMO Study. Stroke 2007; 38(8)2356–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ladenvall C, Jood K, Blomstrand C, Nilsson S, Jern C, Ladenvall P. Serum C‐reactive protein concentration and genotype in relation to ischemic stroke subtype. Stroke 2006; 37(8)2018–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flex A, Gaetani E, Papaleo P, et al. Proinflammatory genetic profiles in subjects with history of ischemic stroke. Stroke 2004; 35(10)2270–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bis JC, Heckbert SR, Smith NL, et al. Variation in inflammation‐related genes and risk of incident nonfatal myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke. Atherosclerosis 2008; 198(1)166–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lange LA, Carlson CS, Hindorff LA, et al. Association of polymorphisms in the CRP gene with circulating C‐reactive protein levels and cardiovascular events. JAMA 2006; 296(22)2703–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balistreri CR, Vasto S Listi F, Listi F, et al. Association between +1059G/C CRP polymorphism and acute myocardial infarction in a cohort of patients from Sicily: a pilot study. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1067: 276–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szalai AJ, Alarcon GS, Calvo‐Alen J, et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus in a multiethnic US Cohort (LUMINA). XXX: association between C‐reactive protein (CRP) gene polymorphisms and vascular events. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005; 44(7)864–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar