Reference serum percentile values of adiponectin, leptin, and adiponectin/leptin ratio in healthy Danish children and adolescents

References

• Coelho M, Oliveira T, Fernandes R. Biochemistry of adipose tissue: an endocrine organ. Arch Med Sci. 2013;9(2):191–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansoub S, Chan MK, Adeli K. Gap analysis of pediatric reference intervals for risk biomarkers of cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome. Clin Biochem. 2006;39(6):569–587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Achari AE, Jain SK. Adiponectin, a therapeutic target for obesity, diabetes, and endothelial dysfunction. IJMS. 2017;18(6):1321.
   Google Scholar
• Trujillo ME, Scherer PE. Adiponectin-journey from an adipocyte secretory protein to biomarker of the metabolic syndrome. J Intern Med. 2005;257(2):167–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghadge AA, Khaire AA. Leptin as a predictive marker for metabolic syndrome. Cytokine. 2019;121:154735.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orlando A, Nava E, Giussani M, et al. Adiponectin and cardiovascular risk. From pathophysiology to clinic: focus on children and adolescents. IJMS. 2019;20(13):3228.
   Google Scholar
• Ramakrishnan N, Auger K, Jialal I. Biochemistry, adiponectin. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Poetsch MS, Strano A, Guan K. Role of leptin in cardiovascular diseases. Front Endocrinol. 2020;11:354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paz-Filho G, Mastronardi C, Wong M-L, et al. Leptin therapy, insulin sensitivity, and glucose homeostasis. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012;16(Suppl 3):S549–S555.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fleisch AF, Agarwal N, Roberts MD, et al. Influence of serum leptin on weight and body fat growth in children at high risk for adult obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(3):948–954.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frühbeck G, Catalán V, Rodríguez A, et al. Adiponectin-leptin ratio is a functional biomarker of adipose tissue inflammation. Nutrients. 2019;11(2):454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lausten-Thomsen U, Christiansen M, Fonvig CE, et al. Reference values for serum total adiponectin in healthy non-obese children and adolescents. Clin Chim Acta. 2015;450:11–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lausten-Thomsen U, Christiansen M, Louise Hedley P, et al. Reference values for serum leptin in healthy non-obese children and adolescents. Scand J Clin Lab. 2016;76(7):561–567.
   Google Scholar
• Lausten-Thomsen U, Lund MAV, Frithioff-Bøjsøe C, et al. Reference values for leptin/adiponectin ratio in healthy children and adolescents. Clin Chim Acta. 2019;493:123–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cangemi G, Di Iorgi N, Barco S, et al. Plasma total adiponectin levels in pediatrics: reference intervals calculated as a continuous variable of age. Clin Biochem. 2012;45(18):1703–1705.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papaioannou HI, Stakos DA, Tziakas DN, et al. Plasma leptin and adiponectin concentrations in healthy, non-obese children. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2011;24:313–318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martos-Moreno GA, Barrios V, Argente J. Normative data for adiponectin, resistin, interleukin 6, and leptin/receptor ratio in a healthy Spanish pediatric population: relationship with sex steroids. Eur J Endocrinol. 2006;155(3):429–434.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erhardt E, Foraita R, Pigeot I, et al. Reference values for leptin and adiponectin in children below the age of 10 based on the IDEFICS cohort. Int J Obes. 2014;38(S2):S32–S38.
   Google Scholar
• Wedderkopp N, Jespersen E, Franz C, et al. Study protocol. The childhood health, activity, and motor performance school study Denmark (the CHAMPS-study DK). BMC Pediatr. 2012;12:128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarp J, Jespersen E, Møller NC, et al. Long-term follow-up on biological risk factors, adiposity, and cardiorespiratory fitness development in a physical education intervention: a natural experiment (CHAMPS-study DK). BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tinggaard J, Aksglaede L, Sørensen K, et al. The 2014 Danish references from birth to 20 years for height, weight and body mass index. Acta Paediatr. 2014;103(2):214–224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall WA, Tanner JM. Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys. Arch Dis Child. 1970;45(239):13–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall WA, Tanner JM. Variations in pattern of pubertal changes in girls. Arch Dis Child. 1969;44(235):291–303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klakk H, Andersen LB, Heidemann M, et al. Six physical education lessons a week can reduce cardiovascular risk in school children aged 6–13 years: a longitudinal study. Scand J Public Health. 2014;42(2):128–136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haney EM, Huffman LH, Bougatsos C, et al. Appendix 2. Units of measure conversion formulas. Screening for lipid disorders in children and adolescents. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, et al. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985;28(7):412–419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merl V, Peters A, Oltmanns KM, et al. Serum adiponectin concentrations during a 72-hour fast in over- and normal-weight humans. Int J Obes. 2005;29(8):998–1001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gavrila A, Chan JL, Yiannakouris N, et al. Serum adiponectin levels are inversely associated with overall and central fat distribution but are not directly regulated by acute fasting or leptin administration in humans: cross-sectional and interventional studies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(10):4823–4831.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole TJ, Green PJ. Smoothing reference centile curves: the LMS method and penalized likelihood. Stat Med. 1992;11(10):1305–1319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang K-C, Lue B-H, Yen R-F, et al. Plasma adiponectin levels and metabolic factors in nondiabetic adolescents. Obes Res. 2004;12(1):119–124.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schoppen S, Riestra P, García-Anguita A, et al. Leptin and adiponectin levels in pubertal children: relationship with anthropometric variables and body composition. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2010;48:707–711.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishizawa H, Shimomura I, Kishida K, et al. Androgens decrease plasma adiponectin, an insulin-sensitizing adipocyte-derived protein. Diabetes. 2002;51(9):2734–2741.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tworoger SS, Mantzoros C, Hankinson SE. Relationship of plasma adiponectin with sex hormone and insulin-like growth factor levels. Obesity. 2007;15(9):2217–2224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venner AA, Doyle-Baker PK, Lyon ME, et al. A meta-analysis of leptin reference ranges in the healthy paediatric prepubertal population. Ann Clin Biochem. 2009;46(Pt 1):65–72.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weber DR, Leonard MB, Zemel BS. Body composition analysis in the pediatric population. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2012;10(1):130–139.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klein DA, Emerick JE, Sylvester JE, et al. Disorders of puberty: an approach to diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2017;96(9):590–599.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blum WF, Englaro P, Hanitsch S, et al. Plasma leptin levels in healthy children and adolescents: dependence on body mass index, body fat mass, gender, pubertal stage, and testosterone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:2904–2910.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frithioff‐Bøjsøe C, Lund MAV, Lausten‐Thomsen U, et al. Leptin, adiponectin, and their ratio as markers of insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk in childhood obesity. Pediatr Diabetes. 2020;21(2):194–202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gawali R, Bahulikar A, Phalgune DS, et al. Association between serum leptin levels in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Diagn Res. 2019;13:17–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu DM, Shen MH, Chu NF. Relationship between plasma leptin levels and lipid profiles among school children in Taiwan–the Taipei children heart study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2001;17(10):911–916.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serin Y, Acar Tek N. Effect of circadian rhythm on metabolic processes and the regulation of energy balance. Ann Nutr Metab. 2019;74(4):322–330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gavrila A, Peng C-K, Chan JL, et al. Diurnal and ultradian dynamics of serum adiponectin in healthy men: comparison with leptin, circulating soluble leptin receptor, and cortisol patterns. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(6):2838–2843.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CLSI. Defining, establishing, and verifying reference intervals in the clinical laboratory; approved guideline—third edition. CLSI Guideline; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Rasmussen AR, Wohlfahrt-Veje C, Tefre de Renzy-Martin K, et al. Validity of self-assessment of pubertal maturation. Pediatrics. 2015;135(1):86–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar