164
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Vitamin D as a prognostic biomarker in COVID-19: single-center study and meta-analyses

, , & ORCID Icon
Pages 173-182 | Received 26 Aug 2022, Accepted 12 Mar 2023, Published online: 17 Apr 2023

References

  • Stawicki S, Jeanmonod R, Miller A, et al. The 2019-2020 novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic: a joint american college of academic international medicine-world academic council of emergency medicine multidisciplinary COVID-19 working group consensus paper. J Global Infect Dis. 2020;12(2):47–93.
  • Munshi R, Hussein MH, Toraih EA, et al. Vitamin D insufficiency as a potential culprit in critical COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol. 2021;93(2):733–740.
  • Martineau AR, Forouhi NG. Vitamin D for COVID-19: a case to answer? Lancet Diabetes Endo. 2020;8(9):735–736.
  • Lips P, Cashman KD, Lamberg-Allardt C, et al. Current vitamin D status in european and Middle east countries and strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency: a position statement of the european calcified tissue society. Eur J Endocrinol. 2019;180(4):23–54.
  • Mondul AM, Weinstein SJ, Layne TM, et al. Vitamin D and cancer risk and mortality: state of the science, gaps, and challenges. Epidemiol Rev. 2017;39(1):28–48.
  • Zhang Y, Fang F, Tang J, et al. Association between vitamin D supplementation and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2019;366:1–10.
  • Pittas AG, Lau J, Hu FB, et al. Review: the role of vitamin D and calcium in type 2 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(6):2017–2029.
  • Thadhani R, Appelbaum E, Pritchett Y, et al. Vitamin D therapy and cardiac structure and function in patients with chronic kidney disease: the PRIMO randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012;307(7):674–684.
  • Vojdeman FJ, Madsen CM, Frederiksen K, et al. Vitamin D levels and cancer incidence in 217,244 individuals from primary health care in Denmark. Int J Cancer. 2019;145(2):338–346.
  • Durup D, Jørgensen HL, Christensen J, et al. A reverse J-shaped association of all-cause mortality with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in general practice: the CopD study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(8):2644–2652.
  • Olliver M, Spelmink L, Hiew J, et al. Immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D on innate and adaptive immune responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Infect Dis. 2013;208(9):1474–1481.
  • Hansdottir S, Monick MM, Hinde SL, et al. Respiratory epithelial cells convert inactive vitamin D to its active form: potential effects on host defense. J Immunol. 2008;181(10):7090–7099.
  • Jolliffe DA, Griffiths CJ, Martineau AR. Vitamin D in the prevention of acute respiratory infection: systematic review of clinical studies. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2013;136:321–329.
  • Cannell JJ, Vieth R, Umhau JC, et al. Epidemic influenza and vitamin D. Epidemiol Infect. 2006;134(6):1129–1140.
  • Rhodes JM, Subramanian S, Laird E, et al. Perspective: vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 severity – plausibly linked by latitude, ethnicity, impacts on cytokines, ACE2 and thrombosis. J Intern Med. 2021;289(1):97–115.
  • Gombart AF. The vitamin D–antimicrobial peptide pathway and its role in protection against infection. Future Microbiol. 2009;4(9):1151–1165.
  • Hashemi R, Morshedi M, Jafarabadi MA, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of dietary vitamin D 3 in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurol Genet. 2018;4(6):e278–8.
  • Chen X, Zhao B, Qu Y, et al. Detectable serum severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral load (RNAemia) Is closely correlated with drastically elevated interleukin 6 level in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(8):1937–1942.
  • Abani O, Abbas A, Abbas F, et al. Tocilizumab in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial. Lancet. 2021;397(10285):1637–1645.
  • The REMAP-CAP Investigators Interleukin-6 receptor antagonists in critically ill patients with covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(16):1491–1502.
  • Tleyjeh IM, Kashour Z, Riaz M, et al. Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in COVID-19 patients: a living systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021;27(8):1076–1082.
  • Brandão CMÁ, Chiamolera MI, Biscolla RPM, et al. No association between vitamin D status and COVID-19 infection in são paulo, Brazil. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2021;65:381–385.
  • Cozier YC, Castro-Webb N, Hochberg NS, et al. Lower serum 25(OH)D levels associated with higher risk of COVID-19 infection in U.S. Black women. PLoS One. 2021;16(7):e0255132.
  • Crandell I, Rockwell M, Whitehead P, et al. Examination of the moderating effect of race on the relationship between vitamin D status and COVID-19 test positivity using propensity score methods. J Am Coll Nutr. 2021;2:1–12.
  • Golabi S, Adelipour M, Mobarak S, et al. The association between vitamin d and zinc status and the progression of clinical symptoms among outpatients infected with sars-cov-2 and potentially non-infected participants: a cross-sectional study. Nutrients. 2021;13(10):3368.
  • Israel A, Cicurel A, Feldhamer I, et al. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with higher risks for SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity: a retrospective case–control study. Intern Emerg Med. 2022;17(4):1053–1063.
  • Meltzer DO, Best TJ, Zhang H, et al. Association of vitamin D status and other clinical characteristics with COVID-19 test results. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2019722.
  • Ribeiro HG, Dantas-Komatsu RCS, Medeiros JFP, et al. Previous vitamin D status and total cholesterol are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Chim Acta. 2021;522:8–13.
  • Merzon E, Tworowski D, Gorohovski A, et al. Low plasma 25(OH) vitamin D level is associated with increased risk of COVID-19 infection: an israeli population-based study. Febs J. 2020;287(17):3693–3702.
  • Alguwaihes AM, Sabico S, Hasanato R, et al. Severe vitamin D deficiency is not related to SARS-CoV-2 infection but may increase mortality risk in hospitalized adults: a retrospective case–control study in an Arab Gulf country. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2021;33(5):1415–1422.
  • Demir M, Demir F, Aygun H. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with COVID-19 positivity and severity of the disease. J Med Virol. 2021;93(5):2992–2999.
  • Gaudio A, Murabito AR, Agodi A, D.O.CoV Research, et al. Vitamin D levels are reduced at the time of hospital admission in Sicilian SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. IJERPH. 2021;18(7):3491.
  • Nimavat N, Singh S, Singh P, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19: a case-control study at a tertiary care hospital in India. Ann Med Surg. 2021;68:102661.
  • Güven M, Gültekin H. Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D level with COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality: a retrospective cohort study. J Am Coll Nutr. 2021;41(6):577–586.
  • Zafar M, Karkhanis M, Shahbaz M, et al. Vitamin D levels and mortality with SARS-COV-2 infection: a retrospective two-Centre cohort study. Postgrad Med J. 2022;98(1161):523–528.
  • Luo X, Liao Q, Shen Y, et al. Vitamin D deficiency is inversely associated with COVID-19 incidence and disease severity in Chinese people. Journal Nutr. 2021;151(1):98–103.
  • Bennouar S, Cherif AB, Kessira A, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and low serum calcium as predictors of poor prognosis in patients with severe COVID-19. J Am Coll Nutr. 2021;40(2):104–110.
  • Campi I, Gennari L, Merlotti D, et al. Vitamin D and COVID-19 severity and related mortality: a prospective study in Italy. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):1–13.
  • Cereda E, Bogliolo L, Klersy C, et al. Vitamin D 25OH deficiency in COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary referral hospital. Clin Nutr. 2021;40(4):2469–2472.
  • Charoenngam N, Shirvani A, Reddy N, et al. Association of vitamin D status with hospital morbidity and mortality in adult hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Endocr Pract. 2021;27(4):271–278.
  • Davoudi A, Najafi N, Aarabi M, et al. Lack of association between vitamin D insufficiency and clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 infection. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):1–7.
  • de Smet D, de Smet K, Herroelen P, et al. Serum 25(OH)D level on hospital admission associated with COVID-19 stage and mortality. Am J Clin Pathol. 2021;155(3):381–388.
  • di Filippo L, Allora A, Doga M, et al. Vitamin D levels are associated with blood glucose and BMI in COVID-19 patients, predicting disease severity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(1):e348–e360.
  • Gavioli EM, Miyashita H, Hassaneen O, et al. An evaluation of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in patients with COVID-19 in New York city. JANA. 2022;41(2):201–206.
  • Hernández JL, Nan D, Fernandez-Ayala M, et al. Vitamin D status in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;106(3):e1343–e1353.
  • Jain A, Chaurasia R, Sengar NS, et al. Analysis of vitamin D level among asymptomatic and critically ill COVID-19 patients and its correlation with inflammatory markers. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):1–8.
  • Jevalikar G, Mithal A, Singh A, et al. Lack of association of baseline 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels with disease severity and mortality in Indian patients hospitalized for COVID 19. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):1–8.
  • Karahan S, Katkat F. Impact of serum 25(OH) vitamin D level on mortality in patients with COVID-19 in Turkey. J Nutr Health Aging. 2021;25(2):189–196.
  • Karonova TL, Andreeva AT, Golovatuk KA, et al. Low 25(OH)D level is associated with severe course and poor prognosis in COVID-19. Nutrients. 2021;13(9):3021.
  • Orchard L, Baldry M, Nasim-Mohi M, et al. Vitamin D levels and intensive care unit outcomes of a cohort of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2021;59(6):1155–1163.
  • Parra-Ortega I, Alcara-Ramírez DG, Ronzon-Ronzon AA, et al. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D level is associated with mortality in patients with critical COVID-19: a prospective observational study in Mexico city. Nutr Res Pract. 2021;15(Suppl 1):S32–S40.
  • Pecina JL, Merry SP, Park JG, et al. Vitamin D status and severe COVID-19 disease outcomes in hospitalized patients. J Prim Care Community Health. 2021;12:215013272110412.
  • Szeto B, Zucker JE, LaSota ED, et al. Vitamin D status and COVID-19 clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients. Endocr Res. 2021;46(2):66–73.
  • Tehrani S, Khabiri N, Moradi H, et al. Evaluation of vitamin D levels in COVID-19 patients referred to labafinejad hospital in Tehran and its relationship with disease severity and mortality. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021;42:313–317.
  • Vassiliou AG, Jahaj E, Pratikaki M, et al. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels on admission to the intensive care unit may predispose COVID-19 pneumonia patients to a higher 28-day mortality risk: a pilot study on a greek icu cohort. Nutrients. 2020;12(12):3773–3779.
  • Adami G, Giollo A, Fassio A, et al. Vitamin D and disease severity in coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Reumatismo. 2021;72(4):189–196.
  • Afaghi S, Tarki FE, Rahimi FS, et al. Prevalence and clinical outcomes of vitamin d deficiency in covid-19 hospitalized patients: a retrospective single-center analysis. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2021;255(2):127–134.
  • Al JM, Rajan R, Dashti R‐, et al. In‐hospital mortality in SARS‐CoV‐2 stratified by serum 25‐hydroxy‐vitamin D levels: a retrospective study. J Med Virol. 2021;93(10):5880–5885.
  • AlKhafaji D, Al Argan R, Albaker W, et al. The impact of vitamin D level on the severity and outcome of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 disease. Int J Gen Med. 2022; Jan15:343–352.
  • Alsafar H, Grant WB, Hijazi R, et al. COVID-19 disease severity and death in relation to vitamin D status among SARS-CoV-2-positive UAE residents. Nutrients. 2021;13(5):1714.
  • Baktash V, Hosack T, Patel N, et al. Vitamin D status and outcomes for hospitalised older patients with COVID-19. Postgrad Med J. 2021;97(1149):442–447.
  • Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, for the PRISMA Group, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ. 2009;339(jul21 1):b2535–b2535.
  • Bland JM, Altman DG. The odds ratio. BMJ. 2000;320(7247):1468.
  • Higgins JPT, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Statist Med. 2002;21(11):1539–1558.
  • Szarpak L, Rafique Z, Gasecka A, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of effect of vitamin D levels on the incidence of COVID-19. Cardiol J. 2021;28(5):647–654.
  • Crafa A, Cannarella R, Condorelli RA, et al. Influence of 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol levels on SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;37:100967.
  • Quraishi SA, Camargo CA. Vitamin D in acute stress and critical illness. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2012;15(6):625.
  • Pereira M, Damascena AD, Azevedo LMG, et al. Vitamin D deficiency aggravates COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(5):1308–1316.
  • Hastie CE, Pell JP, Sattar N. Vitamin D and COVID-19 infection and mortality in UK biobank. Eur J Nutr. 2021;60(1):545–548.
  • Ali N. Role of vitamin D in preventing of COVID-19 infection, progression and severity. J Infect Public Health. 2020;13(10):1373–1380.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.