Plasma or serum 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid can be used interchangeably in patients with neuroendocrine tumours

References

• Kanakis G, Kaltsas G. Biochemical markers for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NETs). Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2012;26(6):791–802. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2012.12.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barakat MT, Meeran K, Bloom SR. Neuroendocrine tumours. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2004;11(1):1–18. doi:10.1677/erc.0.0110001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oberg K. Management of neuroendocrine tumours. Ann Oncol. 2004;15 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):iv293–298. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdh942.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Niederle B, Pape UF, Costa F, et al. ENETS consensus guidelines update for neuroendocrine neoplasms of the jejunum and ileum. Neuroendocrinology. 2016;103(2):125–138. doi:10.1159/000443170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caplin ME, Buscombe JR, Hilson AJ, et al. Carcinoid tumour. Lancet. 1998;352(9130):799–805. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)02286-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorson A, Biorck G, Bjorkman G, et al. Malignant carcinoid of the small intestine with metastases to the liver, valvular disease of the right side of the heart (pulmonary stenosis and tricuspid regurgitation without septal defects), peripheral vasomotor symptoms, bronchoconstriction, and an unusual type of cyanosis; a clinical and pathologic syndrome. Am Heart J. 1954;47(5):795–817. doi:10.1016/0002-8703(54)90152-0.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cheung VTF, Khan MS. A guide to midgut neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) and carcinoid syndrome. Frontline Gastroenterol. 2015;6(4):264–269. doi:10.1136/flgastro-2014-100483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Horst-Schrivers AN, Wymenga AN, Links TP, et al. Complications of midgut carcinoid tumors and carcinoid syndrome. Neuroendocrinology. 2004;80 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):28–32. doi:10.1159/000080737.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De Herder WW. Tumours of the midgut (jejunum, ileum and ascending Colon, including carcinoid syndrome). Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2005;19(5):705–715. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2005.05.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Modlin IM, Oberg K, Chung DC, et al. Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Lancet Oncol. 2008;9(1):61–72. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(07)70410-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Page IH, Corcoran AC, Udenfriend S, et al. Argentaffinoma as endocrine tumour. Lancet. 1955;268(6856):198–199. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(55)91924-3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hanson A, Serin F. Determination of 5-hydroxy-indole-acetic acid in urine; and its excretion in patients with malignant carcinoids. Lancet. 1955;269(6905):1359–1361. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(55)93160-3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaltsas G, Caplin M, Davies P, et al. ENETS consensus guidelines for the standards of care in neuroendocrine tumors: pre- and perioperative therapy in patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Neuroendocrinology. 2017;105(3):245–254. doi:10.1159/000461583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobson R, Burgess MI, Banks M, et al. The association of a panel of biomarkers with the presence and severity of carcinoid heart disease: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e73679. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073679.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes AR, Davar J, Caplin ME. Carcinoid heart disease: a review. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2018;47(3):671–682. doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2018.04.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deacon AC. The measurement of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in urine. Ann Clin Biochem. 1994;31 (Pt 3)(3):215–232. doi:10.1177/000456329403100302.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miller AG, Brown H, Degg T, et al. Measurement of plasma 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry–comparison with HPLC methodology. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2010;878(7-8):695–699. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.01.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tohmola N, Itkonen O, Sane T, et al. Analytical and preanalytical validation of a new mass spectrometric serum 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid assay as neuroendocrine tumor marker. Clin Chim Acta. 2014;428:38–43. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2013.10.025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker A, Schalin-Jäntti C, Itkonen O. Comparison of serum and urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid as biomarker for neuroendocrine neoplasms. J Endocr Soc. 2021;5(8):bvab106. doi:10.1210/jendso/bvab106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Degg TJ, Allen KR, Barth JH. Measurement of plasma 5-hydro­-­xyindoleacetic acid in carcinoid disease: an alternative to 24-h urine collections? Ann Clin Biochem. 2000;37 (Pt 5)(5):724–726. doi:10.1258/0004563001899780.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carling RS, Degg TJ, Allen KR, et al. Evaluation of whole blood serotonin and plasma and urine 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid in diagnosis of carcinoid disease. Ann Clin Biochem. 2002;39(Pt 6):577–582. doi:10.1177/000456320203900605.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tellez MR, Mamikunian G, O’Dorisio TM, et al. A single fasting plasma 5-HIAA value correlates with 24-hour urinary 5-HIAA values and other biomarkers in midgut neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Pancreas. 2013;42(3):405–410. doi:10.1097/MPA.0b013e318271c0d5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Mestier L, Savagner F, Brixi H, et al. Plasmatic and urinary 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid measurements in patients with midgut neuroendocrine tumours: a GTE study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;106(4):e1673–e1682. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa924.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adaway JE, Dobson R, Walsh J, et al. Serum and plasma 5-hydro­-xyindoleacetic acid as an alternative to 24-h urine 5-hydroxyin-doleacetic acid measurement. Ann Clin Biochem. 2016;53(Pt 5):554–560. doi:10.1177/0004563215613109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimitriadis GK, Weickert MO, Randeva HS, et al. Medical management of secretory syndromes related to gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2016;23(9):R423–R436. doi:10.1530/ERC-16-0200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oberg K. Medical therapy of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. Visc Med. 2017;33(5):352–356. doi:10.1159/000475831.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for Industry: bioanalytical Method Validation; 2018. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/files/drugs/published/Bioanalytical-Method-Validation-Guidance-for-Industry.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Bonfiglio R, King RC, Olah TV, et al. The effects of sample preparation methods on the variability of the electrospray ionization response for model drug compounds. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 1999;13(12):1175–1185. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0231(19990630)13:12<1175::AID-RCM639>3.0.CO;2-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honour JW. Development and validation of a quantitative assay based on tandem mass spectrometry. Ann Clin Biochem. 2011;48(Pt 2):97–111. doi:10.1258/acb.2010.010176.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McHugh ML. Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic. Biochem Med. 2012;22(3):276–282. doi:10.11613/BM.2012.031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A’Hern RP. Sample size tables for exact single-stage phase II designs. Stat Med. 2001;20(6):859–866. doi:10.1002/sim.721.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson KKN, Lau TS, Baunwall SMD, et al. The role of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, chromogranin A, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in screening for carcinoid heart disease. J Neuroendocrinol. 2023;35(10):e13327. doi:10.1111/jne13327.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bhattacharyya S, Toumpanakis C, Chilkunda D, et al. Risk factors for the development and progression of carcinoid heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 2011;107(8):1221–1226. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.12.025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar