REFERENCES
- Dinarello CA. Interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 antagonism. Blood 1991; 77: 1627–52.
- Mundy GR. Role of cytokines in bone resorption. J Cell Biochem 1993; 53: 296–300.
- Pacifici R. Is there a causal role for IL-1 in postmenopausal bone loss? Calcif Tissue Int 1992; 50: 295–9.
- Al Saffar N, Revell PA. Interleukin-1 production by activated macrophages surrounding loosened orthopaedic implants: A potential role in oste-olysis. Br J Rheumatol 1994; 33: 309–16.
- Pacifici R, Carano A, Santoro SA, et al. Bone matrix constituents stimulate interleukin-1 rel-ease from human blood mononuclear cells. J Clin Invest 1991; 87: 221–8.
- Guerne PA, Terkeltaub R, Zuraw B, Lotz M. Inflammatory microcrystals stimulate inter-leukin-6 production and secretion by human monocytes and synoviocytes. Arthritis Rheum 1989; 32: 1443–52.
- Mundy GR, Varani J, Orr W, Gondek MD, Ward PA. Resorbing bone is chemotactic for monocytes. Nature 1978; 275: 132–5.
- FlOgAsen AKM, Nordsletten L, Aasen AO, Falch JA. There is no difference in spontaneous and 1713-oestradiol-induced interleukin-1I3 (IL-113) re-lease by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from nonosteoporotic women with different rates of early postmenopausal bone loss. J Clin Endocri-nol Metab 1995; 80: 2480–4.
- BOyum A. Isolation of mononuclear cells and granulocytes from human blood. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1968; 97 Suppl 21: 77–89.
- Cohen-Solal ME, Graulet AM, Gueris J, et al. Bone resorption at the femoral neck is dependent on local factors in nonosteoporotic late post-menopausal women: An in vitro—in vivo study. J Bone Miner Res 1995; 10: 307–14.
- Pacifici R, Basilico C, Roman J, Zutter MM, Santoro SA, McCracken R. Collagen-induced release of interleukin 1 from human blood mono-nuclear cells. Potentiation by fibronectin binding to the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin. J Clin Invest 1992; 89: 61–7.
- di Giovine FS, Malawista SE, Nuki G, Duff GW. Interleukin 1 (IL-1) as a mediator of crystal arthritis. Stimulation of T cell and synovial fibro-blast mitogenesis by urate crystal-induced IL 1. J Immunol 1987; 138: 3213–8.
- Alwan WH, Dieppe PA, Elson CJ, Bradfield JW. Hydroxyapatite and urate crystal induced cyto-kine release by macrophages. Ann Rheum Dis 1989; 48: 476–82.
- Mundy GR. The effects of TGF-beta on bone. Ciba Found Symp 1991; 157: 137–43.
- Wahl SM, Costa GL, Corcoran M, Wahl LM, Berger AE. Transforming growth factor-beta mediates IL-1-dependent induction of IL-1 recep-tor antagonist. J Immunol 1993; 150: 3553–60.
- Chantry D, Turner M, Abney E, Feldmann M. Modulation of cytokine production by trans-forming growth factor-I3. J Immunol 1989; 142: 4295–300.
- Pacifici R, Brown C, Puscheck E, et al. Effect of surgical menopause and estrogen replacement on cytokine release from human blood mononuclear cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 5134–8.
- Bismar H, Diel I, Ziegler R, Pfeilschifter J. Increased cytokine secretion by human bone marrow cells after menopause or discontinuation of oestrogen replacement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80: 3351–5.
- Polan ML, Daniele A, Kuo A. Gonadal steroids modulate human monocyte interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity. Fertil Steril 1988; 49: 964–8.
- Stock JL, Coderre JA, McDonald B, Rosenwasser U. Effects of estrogen in vivo and in vitro on spontaneous interleukin-1 release by monocytes from postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989; 68: 364–8.
- Kassem M, Khosla S, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Cytokine production in the bone marrow micro-environment: failure to demonstrate estrogen regulation in early postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 513–8.
- Kreutz M, Andreesen R. Induction of human monocyte to macrophage maturation in vitro by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Blood 1990; 76: 2457–61.
- Bhalla AK, Amento EP, Krane SM. Differential effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on human lymphocytes and monocyte/macrophages: inhi-bition of interleukin-2 and augmentation of interleukin-1 production. Cell Immunol 1986; 98: 311–22.
- Manolagas SC, Hustmyer FG, Yu XP. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and the immune system. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1989; 191: 238–45.
- Marusic A, Kos K, Stavljenic A, Vukicevic S. Role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 in the gene-ration of the acute-phase response in rats with talc-induced granulomatosis. Experientia 1993; 49: 693–8.