The Clinical Expression of Hemochromatosis in Oslo, Norway: Excessive Oral Iron Intake May Lead to Secondary Hemochromatosis Even in HFE C282Y Mutation Negative Subjects

References

• Bell H, Thordal C, Raknerud N, Hansen T, Bosnes T, Halvorsen R, et al. Prevalence of hemochromatosis among first-time and repeat blood donors in Norway. J Hepatol 1997;26:272–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niderau C, Fischer R, Purschel A, Stremmel W, Haussinger D, Strohmeyer G. Long-term survival in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis. Gastroenterology 1996;110:107–19.
   Google Scholar
• Feder JN, Gnirke A, Thomas W, Tsuchihashi Z, Ruddy DA, Basava A, et al. A novel MCH class I-like gene is mutated in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis. Nat Genet 1996;13: 399–408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Distante S, Berg JP, Lande K, Haug E, Bell H. High prevalence of the hemochromatosis associated HFE gene mutation in a healthy Norwegian population in the city of Oslo and its phenotypic expression. Scand J Gastroenterol 1999;34:529–34.
   Google Scholar
• Bassett ML, Halliday JW, Powell LW. Value of hepatic iron measurements in early hemochromatosis and determination of the critical iron level associated with fibrosis. Hepatology 1986;6:24–9.
   Google Scholar
• Knodell RG, Ishak KG, Black WC, Chen TS, Craig R, Kaplowitz N, et al. Formulation and application of a numerical scoring system for assessing histological activity in asymptomatic chronic active hepatitis. Hepatology 1981;1:431–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeffrey GP, Chakrabarti S, Hegele RA, Adams PC. Polymorphism in intron 4 of HFE gene may cause overestimation of C282Y homozygote prevalence in haemochromatosis. Nat Genet 1999;22:325–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loreal O, Deugnier Y, Moirand R, Lauvin L, Guyader D, Jouanolle H, et al. Liver fibrosis in genetic hemochromatosis. Respective roles of iron and non-iron-related factors in 127 homozygous patients. J Hepatol 1992;16:122–7.
   Google Scholar
• Adams PC, Deugnier Y, Moirand R, Brissot P. The relationship between iron overload, clinical symptoms and age in 410 patients with genetic hemochromatosis. Hepatology 1997;25: 162–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell LW, Leggett BA, Crawford HG. Hemochromatosis and other iron storage disorders. In: Schiff ER, Sorrell MF, Maddrey WC, editors. Schiff’s diseases of the liver. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1999. p. 1107–30.
   Google Scholar
• Bacon B, Powell LW, Adams PC, Kresina TF, Hoofnagle JH. Molecular medicine and hemochromatosis: at the crossroads [Meeting reports]. Gastroenterology 1999;116:193–207.
   Google Scholar
• Brissot P, Moirand R, Jouanolle AM, Guynader D, Le Gall JY, Dugnier Y, et al. A genotypic study of 207 unrelated probands diagnosed as “genetic hemochromatosis” on “classical” phenotypic criteria. J Hepatol 1999;30:588–93.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cardoso EMP, Staal P, Hagen K, Cabeda JM, Esin S, De Sousa M, et al. HFE mutations in patients with hereditary haemochro-matosis in Sweden. J Intern Med 1998;243:203–8.
   Google Scholar
• Crawford DHG, Jazwinska EG, Cullen LM, Powell LW. Expression of HLA-linked hemochromatosis in subjects homozygous or heterozygous for the C282Y mutation. Gastroenterology 1998;114:1001–8.
   Google Scholar
• Olynyk JK, Cullen DJ, Aquilia S, Rossi E, Summerville L, Powell LP. A population-based study of the clinical expression of the hemochromatosis gene. N Engl J Med 1999;341:718–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Distante S, Berg JP, Lande K, Haug E, Bell H. HFE gene mutation (C282Y) and phenotypic expression among a hospitalised population in a high prevalence area of hemochromatosis. Gut 2000;47: 575–9.
   Google Scholar
• Jouanolle AM, Gandon G, Jezequel P, Blayau M, Campion ML, Yaouang J, et al. Haemochromatosis and HLA-H. Nat Genet 1996;14:251–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UK Haemochromatosis Consortium. A simple genetic test identifies 90% of UK patients with haemochromatosis. Gut 1997;41:841–4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jazwinska EC, Cullen LM, Busfield F, Pyper WR, Webb SI, Powell LW. Hemochromatosis and HLA-H. Nat Genet 1996;13: 399–408.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adams PC, Campion ML, Gandon G, LeGall JY, David V, Jouanole AM. Clinical and family studies in genetic hemochromatosis: microsatellite and HFE studies in five atypical families. Hepatology 1997;26:986–90.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Borot N, Roth MP, Malfroy L, Demangel C, Vinel JP, Pascal JP, et al. Mutations in the MCH class I-like candidate gene for hemochromatosis in French patients. Immunogenetics 1997;45: 320–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carella M, D’Ambrosio L, Totaro A, Grifa A, Valentino MA, Piperno A, et al. Mutation analysis of the HLA-H gene in Italian hemochromatosis patients. Am J Hum Genet 1997;60:228–32.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barton JC, Shih WWH, Sawada-Hirai R, Acton RT, Harmon L, Rivers C, et al. Genetic and clinical description of hemochromatosis probands and heterozygotes: evidence that multiple genes linked to the major histocompatibility complex are responsible for hemochromatosis. Blood Cells Mol Dis 1997;23: 135–45.
   Google Scholar
• Datz C, Lalloz MRA, Vogel W, Graziadei I, Hackl F, Vautier G, et al. Predominance of the HLA-H Cys282Tyr mutation in Austrian patients with genetic haemochromatosis. J Hepatol 1997;27:773–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke W, Thomson E, Khoury MJ, McDonnell SM, Press N, Adams P, et al. Hereditary hemochromatosis. Gene discovery and its implications for population-based screening. JAMA 1998;280:172–8.
   Google Scholar
• McCurdie I, Perry JD. Haemochromatosis and exercise related joint pains. BMJ 1999;318:449–50.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Faraawi R, Harth M, Kertesz A, Bell D. Arthritis in hemochromatosis. J Rheum 1993;20:448–52.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar