References
- Holman RAE, Davis M, Gough KR, Gartell P, Britton DC, Smith RB. Value of a centralised approach in the management of haematemesis and melaena: experience in a district general hospital. Gut 1990;31:504–8.
- Silverstein FE, Gilbert DA, Tedesco FJ, Buerger NK, Persing J. The national ASGE survey on upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc 1981;27:80–93.
- Longstreth GF. Epidemiology of hospitalisation for acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a population-based study. Am J Gastroenterol 1995;90:206–10.
- Turner IB, Jones M, Piper DW. Factors influencing mortality from bleeding peptic ulcers. Scand J Gastroenterol 1991;26: 661–6.
- Rockall TA, Logan RF, Devlin HB, et al. for the Steering Audit of Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage. Incidence and mortality from acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the United Kingdom. Br Med J 1995;311:222–6.
- Rajgopal C, Palmer KR. Endoscopic injection sclerosis: effective treatment for bleeding peptic ulcer. Gut 1991;32: 727–9.
- Chung SCS, Leung JWC, Steele RJC, Croft TJ, Li AKC. Endoscopic injection of adrenaline for actively bleeding ulcers: a randomized trial. Br Med J 1988;269:1631–3.
- Cook DJ, Guyat GH, Salena BJ, Laine LA. Endoscopic therapy for acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal hemorhage. A meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 1992;102:139–48.
- Villaneueva C, Balanzo J, Espinos JC, Fabrega E, Sainz S, Gonzalez D, et al. Endoscopic injection therapy of bleeding ulcer: a prospective and randomized comparison of adrenaline alone or with polidocanol. J Clin Gastroenterol 1993;17:195–200.
- Meier R, Wettstein AR. Treatment of acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Digestion 1999;60 Suppl 2:47–52.
- Thomopoulos K, Nikolopoulou V, Katsakoulis E, Mimidis K,Margaritis V, Markou S, et al. The effect of endoscopic injection therapy on the clinical outcome of patients with peptic ulcer bleeding. Scand J Gastroenterol 1997;32:212–6.
- Messmann H, Schaller P, Andus T, Holstege A. Effect of programmed endoscopic follow-up examinations on the rebleeding rate of gastric or duodenal peptic ulcers treated by injection therapy: a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Endoscopy 1998;30:583–9.
- Lau JYW, Sung JJ, Lam YH, Chan AC, No EK. Endoscopic retreatment compared with surgery in patients with recurrent bleeding after initial endoscopic control of bleeding ulcers. N Engl J Med 1999;340:751–6.
- Villanueva C, Balanzo J, Tores X, et al. Value of second look endoscopy after injection therapy for bleeding peptic ulcer: a prospective and randomized trial. Gastrointest Endosc 1994; 40:34–9.
- Laine L, Peterson WL. Bleeding peptic ulcer. New Engl J Med 1994;331:717–27.
- Borman PC, Theodorou NA. Shuttleworth RD, et al. Importance of hypovolaemic shock and endoscopic signs in predicting recurrent haemorrhage from peptic ulceration: a prospective evaluation. Br Med J 1985;291:245–7.
- Brullet E, Calvet X, Champo R, Rue M, Catot L, Donoso L. Factors predicting failure of endoscopic injection therapy in bleeding duodenal ulcer. Gastrointest Endosc 1996;42:111–6.
- Brullet E, Campo R, Calvet X, Coroleu D, Rivero E, Deu J. Factors related to the failure of endoscopic injection therapy for bleeding gastric ulcer. Gut 1996;39:155–8.
- Clason AE, Macleod DAD, Elton RA. Clinical factors in the prediction of further haemorrhage or mortality in acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Br J Surg 1986;73:985–7.
- Palmer KR, Choudari CP. Endoscopic intervention in bleeding peptic ulcer. Gut 1995;37:161–4.
- Choudari CP, Elton RA, Palmer KR. Age-related mortality in patients treated endoscopically for bleeding peptic ulcer. Gastrointest Endosc 1995;41:557–60.
- Terdiman J, Ostoff J. Risk of persistent or recurrent and intractable upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the era of therapeutic endoscopy. Am J Gastroenterol 1997;92:1805–11.
- Lin HJ, Tseng GY, Lo WC, Lee FY, Perg CL, Chang FY, et al. Predictive factors for rebleeding in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding after multipolar electocoagulation. A retrospective analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol 1998;26:113–6.
- Swain CP, Storey DW, Bown SG, Heath J, Mills NT, Salmon PR, et al. Nature of the bleeding vessel in recurrently bleeding gastric ulcers. Gastroenterology 1986;90:595–608.
- Johnston J, Jenson D, Auth D. Comparison of endoscopic lasers, electrosurgery and the heater probe in coagulation of canine arteries. Gastrointest Endosc 1984;30:154A.