31
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Ammonia and Endogenous Benzodiazepine-like Compounds in the Pathogenesis of Hepatic Encephalopathy

Pages 423-425 | Published online: 08 Jul 2009

References

  • Zeneroli ML. Hepatic encephalopathy. Experimental studies in a rat model of fulminant hepatic failure. J Hepatol 1985;1:301–12.
  • Jones EA, Skolnick P, Gammal H, Basile AS, Mullen KD. The gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA-A) receptor complex and hepatic encephalopathy. Some recent advances. Ann Intern Med 1989;110:532–46.
  • Schafer DF, Jones Ea. Hepatic encephalopathy and the g-aminobutyric acid neurotransmitter system. Lancet 1982;i:18–20.
  • Baraldi M, Zeneroli ML, Ventura E, Penne A, Pinelli G, Ricci P, et al. Supersensitivity of benzodiazepine receptors in hepatic encephalopathy due to fulminant hepatic failure in the rat: reversal by benzodiazepine antagonist. Clin Sci 1984;67:167–75.
  • Scollo-Lavizzari G, Steinmann E. Reversal of hepatic coma by benzodiazepine antagonist (Ro 15–1788). Lancet 1985;1: 1324.
  • Bansky G, Meier PJ, Ziegler WH, Walser H, Schmid M, Huber M. Reversal of hepatic coma by benzodiazepine antagonist (Ro 15–1788). Lancet 1985;1:1324–5.
  • Avallone R, Zeneroli ML, Venturini I, Corsi L, Schreier P, Kleinschnitz M, et al. Endogenous benzodiazepine-like compounds and diazepam binding inhibitor in serum of patients with liver cirrhosis with and without overt encephalopathy. GUT 1998;42:861–7.
  • Basile AS, Harrison PM, Hughes RD, Gu ZQ, Pannell L, McKinney A, et al. Relationship between plasma benzodiazepine receptor ligand concentrations and severity of hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology 1994;19:112–21.
  • Ferenci P, Grimm G, Meryn S, Gangl A. Successful long-term treatment of portal-systemic encephalopathy by the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil. Gastroenterology 1998;96:240–3.
  • Barbaro G, DiLorenzo G, Soldini M, Giancaspro G, Bellomo G, Belloni G, et al. Flumazenil for hepatic encephalopathy grades III and IVa in patients with cirrhosis: an Italian multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study. Hepatology 1998;28:374–8.
  • Blei AT, Butterworth RF. Hepatic encephalopathy. Sem Liver Dis 1996;16:233–9.
  • Basile AS, Jones EA. Ammonia and GABA-ergic neurotransmission: interrelated factors in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology 1997;25:1303–305.
  • Mullen KD, Jones EA. Natural benzodiazepines and hepatic encephalopathy. Semin Liver Dis 1996;16:255–64.
  • Olasmaa M, Rothstein JD, Guidotti A, Weber PJ, Paul SM, Spector S, et al. Endogenous benzodiazepine in human and animal hepatic encephalopathy. J Neurochem 1990;55:2015–23.
  • Zeneroli ML, Venturini I, Corsi L, Avallone R, Farina F, Ardizzone G, et al. Benzodiazepine-like compounds in the plasma of patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Scand J Gastroenterol 1998;33:310–3.
  • Baraldi M. Supersensitivity of GABA-A receptors in hepatic encephalopathy. Neurochem Res 1990;15:153–60.
  • Itzhah Y, Norenberg MD. Ammonia-induced up-regulation of peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors in cultured astrocytes labeled with [3H]PK11195. Neurosci Lett 1994;177:35–8.
  • Branch RA, Morgan MH, James J, Read AE. Intravenous administration of diazepam in patients with chronic liver disease. Gut 1976;17:975–83.
  • Baktir GA, Fisch HU, Karlaganis G, Minder C, Bircher J. Mechanism of the excessive sedative response of cirrhotics to benzodiazepine: model experiments with triazolam. Hepatology 1987;7:629–38.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.