30
Views
40
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Stomach

Studies of Nitric Oxide Generation from Salivary Nitrite in Human Gastric Juice

, &
Pages 246-252 | Received 11 Jul 2002, Accepted 20 Dec 2002, Published online: 01 Mar 2017

References

  • Liu RH, Hotchkiss JH. Potential genotoxicity of chronically elevated nitric oxide: a review. Mutat Res 1995; 339: 73–89.
  • Felley-Bosco E. Role of nitric oxide in genotoxicity: implication for carcinogenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 1998; 17: 25–37.
  • McKnight GM, Smith LM, Drummond RS, Duncan CW, Benjamin N. Chemical synthesis of nitric oxide in the stomach from dietary nitrate in humans. Gut 1997; 40: 211–4.
  • Walker R. Nitrates, nitrites and N-nitrosocompounds: a review of the occurrence in food and diet and the toxicological implications. Food Addit Contam 1990; 7: 6: 717–68.
  • Bos PMJ, van den Brandt PA, Wedel M, Ockhuizen Th. The reproducibility of the conversion of nitrate to nitrite in human saliva after a nitrate load. Fd Chem Toxic 1988; 26: 93–7.
  • Wagner DA, Schultz DS, Deen WM, Young VR, Tannenbaum SR. Metabolic fate of an oral dose of 15N-labeled nitrate in humans: effect of diet supplementation with ascorbic acid. Cancer Res 1983; 43: 1921–5.
  • Dougall HT, Smith L, Duncan C, Benjamin N. The effect of amoxycillin on salivary nitrite concentrations: an important mechanism of adverse reactions? Br J Clin Pharmacol 1995; 39: 460–2.
  • Granii T, Dahl R, Brodin P, Bockman OC. Nitrate and nitrite concentrations in human saliva: variations with salivary flow-rate. Fd Chem Toxic 1989; 27: 675–80.
  • Bartholomew B, Hill MJ. The pharmacology of dietary nitrate and the origin of urinary nitrate. Fd Chem Toxic 1984; 22: 789–95.
  • Tannenbaum SR, Weisman M, Fett D. The effect of nitrate intake on nitrite formation in human saliva. Fd Cosmet Toxicol 1976; 14: 549–52.
  • Mowat C, Carswell A, Wirz A, McColl KEL. Omeprazole and dietary nitrate independently affect levels of Vitamin C and nitrite in gastric juice. Gastroenterology 1999; 116: 813–22.
  • Aneman A, Snygg J, Fandriks L, Pettersson A. Continuous measurement of gastric nitric oxide production. Am J Physiol 1996: G1039–42.
  • Benjamin N, O'Driscoll F, Dougall H, Duncan C, Smith L, Golden M, et al. Stomach NO synthesis. Nature 1994; 368: 502.
  • Duncan C, Dougall H, Johnston P, Green S, Brogan R, Leifert C, et al. Chemical generation of nitric oxide in the mouth from the enterosalivary circulation of dietary nitrate. Nat Med 1995; 1: 6: 546–51.
  • Lundberg JON, Weitzberg E, Lundberg JM, Alving K. Intragastric nitric oxide production in humans: measurements in expelled air. Gut 1994; 35: 1543–6.
  • Ruddell WSJ, Blendis LM, Walters CL. Nitrite and thiocyanate in the fasting and secreting stomach and in saliva. Gut 1977; 18: 73–7.
  • Boulos PB, Whitfield PF, Dover M, Faber RG, Hobsley M. Thiocyanate as a marker of saliva in gastric juice. Gut 1980; 21: 18–22.
  • Boyland E, Nice E, Williams K. The catalysis of nitrosation by thiocyanate from saliva. Fd Cosmet Toxicol 1971; 9: 639–43.
  • Boyland E, Walker SA. Effect of thiocyanate on nitrosation of amines. Nature 1974; 248: 601–2.
  • Fan T-Y, Tannenbaum SR. Factors influencing the rate of formation of nitrosomorpholine from morpholine and nitrite: acceleration by thiocyanate and other anions. J Agr Food Chem 1973; 21: 2: 237–40.
  • Sanderson MJ, Schorah CJ. Measurement of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid in gastric juice by high pressure liquid chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 1987; 2: 197–202.
  • Varley H, editor. Practical clinical biochemistry, 3rd edn. Heinemann: London; 1963: 636–7.
  • Mirvish SS. Role of N-nitroso compounds (NOC) and N-nitrosation in etiology of gastric, esophageal, nasopharyngeal and bladder cancer and contribution to cancer of known exposures to NOC. Cancer Lett 1995; 93: 17–48.
  • Leach S. Mechanisms of endogenous N-nitrosation. In: Hill J, editor. Nitrosoamines: toxicology and microbiology. London: Ellis Horwood; 1988: 69–87.
  • Sehyan Ege. Organic chemistry. Lexington, Mass: D. C. Heath & Co.; 1989: 909–16.
  • Mirvish SS. Inhibition by vitamins C and E of in vivo nitrosation and vitamin C occurrence in the stomach. Eur J Cancer Prev 1996; 5 Suppl 1: 131–6.
  • Mirvish SS, Grandjean AC, Reimers KJ, Connelly BJ, Chen SC, Gallagher J, et al. Dosing time with ascorbic acid and nitrate, gum and tobacco chewing, fasting, and other factors affecting N-nitrosoproline formation in healthy subjects taking Proline with a standard meal. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1995; 4: 775–82.
  • Mirvish SS, Wallcave L, Eagen M, Shubik P. Ascorbate—nitrite reaction: possible means of blocking the formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds. Science 1972; 177: 65–8.
  • Mirvish SS. Blocking the formation of N-nitroso compounds with ascorbic acid in vitro and in vivo. Ann NY Acad Sci 1975; 258: 175–80.
  • Bunton CA. Oxidation of ascorbic acid and similar reductones by nitrous acid. Nature 1959; 4655: 163–6.
  • Wink DA, Fellisch M, Vodovotz Y, Fukuto J, Grisham MB. In: Gilbert DL, Coton CA, editors. Reactive oxygen species in biological systems. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenun Publishers; 1999.
  • Archer MC, Tannenbaum SR, Fan T-Y, Weisman M. Reaction of nitrite with ascorbate and its relation to nitrosoamine formation. J Natl Cancer Inst 1975; 54: 1203–5.
  • Licht WR, Tannenbaum SR, Deen WM. Use of ascorbic acid to inhibit nitrosation: kinetic and mass transfer consideration for an in vitro system. Carcinogenesis 1988; 12: 365.
  • Kyrtopoulos SA, Pignatelli B, Karkanias G, Golematis B, Esteve J. Studies in gastric carcinogenesis. V. The effects of ascorbic acid on N-nitroso compound formation in human gastric juice in vivo and in vitro. Carcinogenesis 1991; 12: 1371–6.
  • Licht WR, Fox JG, Deen WM. Effects of ascorbic acid and thiocyanate on nitrosation of proline in the dog stomach. Carcinogenesis 1988; 9: 373–7.
  • Licht WR, Deen WM. Theoretical model for predicting rates of nitrosoamine and nitrosamide formation in the human stomach. Carcinogenesis 1988; 9: 2227–37.
  • Sobala GM, Pignatelli B, Schorah CJ, Bartsch H, Sanderson M, Dixon MF, et al. Levels of nitrite, nitrate, N-nitroso compounds, ascorbic acid and total bile acids in gastric juice of patients with and without precancerous conditions of the stomach. Carcinogenesis 1991; 12: 193–8.
  • Waring AJ, Drake IM, Schorah CJ, White KLM, Lynch DAF, Axon ATR, et al. Ascorbic acid and total vitamin C concentrations in plasma, gastric juice, and gastrointestinal mcuosa: effects of gastritis and oral supplementation. Gut 1996; 38: 171–6.
  • Suzuki H, Iijima K, Moriya A, McElroy K, Fyfe V, McColl KEL. Luminal nitrosation potential following nitrate ingestion is maximal at the GO junction. Gastroenterology 2002; 122 Suppl 1: M909.
  • Iijima K, Henry E, Moriya A, Wirz A, Kelman AW, McColl KEL. Dietary nitrate generates nitric oxide at the gastroesophageal junction. Gastroenterology 2002; 122: 1248–57.
  • Oberg S, Peters JH, DeMeester TR, Chandrasoma P, Hagen JA, Ireland AP, et al. Inflammation and specialized intestinal metaplasia of cardiac mucosa is a manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Ann Surg 1997; 226: 4: 522–32.
  • Hackelsberger A, Gunther T, Schultze V, Manes G, Dominguez-Munoz J-E, Roessner A, et al. Intestinal metaplasia at the gastrooesophageal junction: Helicobacter pylori gastritis or gastrooesophageal reflux disease? Gut 1998; 43: 17–21.
  • Byrne JP, Bhatnagar S, Hamid B, Armstrong GR, Attwood SEA. Comparative study of intestinal metaplasia and mucin staining at the cardia and esophagogastric junction in 225 symptomatic patients presenting for diagnostic open-access gastroscopy. Am J Gastroenterol 1999; 94: 98–103.
  • Nandurkar S, Talley NJ, Martin CJ, Ng THK, Adams S. Short segment Barrett's oesophagus: prevalence, diagnosis and associations. Gut 1997; 40: 710–15.
  • Trudgill NJ, Suvarna SK, Kapur KC, Riley SA. Intestinal metaplasia at the squamocolumnar junction in patients attending for diagnostic gastroscopy. Gut 1997; 41: 585–9.
  • Spechler SJ, Zeroogian JM, Antonioli DA, Wang HH, Goyal RK. Prevalence of metaplasia at the gastro-oesophageal junction. Lancet 1994; 344: 1533–6.
  • Liu X, Miller MJS, Joshi MS, Thomas DD, Lancaster JR Jr. Accelerated reaction of nitric oxide with O2 within the hydrophobic interior of biological membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1998; 95: 2175–9.
  • Wink DA, Fellisch M, Vodovotz Y, Fukuto J, Grisham MB. In: Gilbert DL, Coton CA, editors. Reactive oxygen species in biological systems. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; 1999.
  • Laval F, Wink DA, Laval J. A discussion of mechanisms of NO genotoxicity: implication of inhibition of DNA repair proteins. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 1997; 131: 175–91.
  • Jaiswal M, LaRusso NF, Burgart LJ, Gores GJ. Inflammatory cytokines induce DNA damage and inhibit DNA repair in cholangiocarcinoma cells by a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Cancer Res 2000; 60: 184–90.
  • Moriya A, Grant J, Mowat C, Williams C, Carswell A, Preston T, et al. In vitro studies indicate that acid catalysed generation of N-nitrosocompounds from dietary nitrate will be maximal at the gastroesophageal junction and cardia. Scand J Gastroenterol 2002; 37: 253–61.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.