A patient with myelofibrosis complicated by refractory ascites and portal hypertension: to tips or not to tips?
A case report with discussion of the mechanism of ascites formation

References

• Toni R, Bolondi L, Gaiani S, Re G, Calabrese L, Cavalli G, et al. Accessory ultrasonographic findings in chronic liver disease: diameter of splenic and hepatic arteries, fasting gallbladder volume, and course of left portal vein. J Clin Ultrasound 1985;13:611–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cirera I, Elizalde JI, Pique JM, Feu F, Casadevall M, Goldin E, et al. Anemia worsens hyperdynamic circulation of patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Dig Dis Sci 1997;42:1697–702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee WC, Lin HC, Hou MC, Lee FY, Chang FY, Tsai YT, et al. Effect of anaemia on haemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999;14:370–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heuck G. Zwei Fälle von Leukamie mit eigentümlichem Blut resp. Knochenmarksbefund. Virchows Arch 1879;78:475–96.
   Google Scholar
• Beckman EN, Oehrle JS. Fibrous hematopoietic tumors arising in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. Hum Pathol 1982;13:804–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linman JW, Bethell FH. Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. Am J Med 1957;22:107–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitcock JA, Reinhard EH, Justus BW, Mendelsohn RS. A clinical and pathological study of seventy cases of myelofibrosis. Ann Intern Med 1962;57:73–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverman JF. Extramedullary hematopoietic ascitic fluid cytology in myelofibrosis. Am J Clin Pathol 1985;84:125–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nakai GS, Craddock CG, Figuero WG. Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia: a survey of twenty-nine cases and a review of the literature. Ann Intern Med 1962;57:419–40.
   Google Scholar
• Silverstein MN, Wollaeger EE, Baggenstoss AH. Gastrointestinal and abdominal manifestations of agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. Arch Intern Med 1973;131:532–7.
   Google Scholar
• Ward HP, Block MH. The natural history of agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM) and a critical evaluation of its relationship with the myeloproliferative syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore) 1971;50:357–420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaldon S, Sherlock S. Portal hypertension in the myeloproliferative syndrome and the reticuloses. Am J Med 1962;32:758–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blendis LM, Banks DC, Ramboer C, Williams R. Spleen blood flow and splanchnic haemodynamics in blood dyscrasia and other splenomegalies. Clin Sci 1970;38:73–84.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oishi M, Swisher SN, Stormont JM, Schwartz SI. Portal hypertension in myeloid metaplasia. Arch Surg 1960. p. 81[80].
   Google Scholar
• Rosenbaum DL, Murphy GW, Swisher SN. Hemodynamic studies of the portal circulation in myeloid metaplasia. Am J Med 1966;41:360–8.
   Google Scholar
• Cassel WG, Spittel JA, Ellis FH. Arteriovenous fistula of the splenic vessels producing ascites. Circulation 1957;16:1077–83.
   Google Scholar
• Stone HH, Jordan WD, Acker JJ. Portal arteriovenous fistula: review and case report. Am J Surg 1965;109:191–6.
   Google Scholar
• Leevy CM, Mendenhall CL, Lesko W, Howard MM. Estimation of hepatic blood flow with indocyanine green. J Clin Invest 1962; 41:1169–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siniluoto TM, Hyvarinen SA, Paivansalo MJ, Alavaikko MJ, Suramo IJ. Abdominal ultrasonography in myelofibrosis. Acta Radiol 1992;33:343–6.
   Google Scholar
• Belohlavek J, Schwarz J, Jirasek A, Krajina A, Polak F, Hruby M. Idiopathic myelofibrosis complicated by portal hypertension treated with a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). Wien Klin Wochenschr 2001;113:208–11.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lafortune M, Martinet JP, Denys A, Patriquin H, Dauzat M, Colombato L, et al. Short- and long-term hemodynamic effects of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts: a Doppler/manometric correlative study. Am J Roentgenol 1995;164:997–1002.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tanaka N, Yamakado K, Kihira H, Hashimoto A, Murayama T, Takeda K. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for intractable esophageal hemorrhage in a patient with idiopathic myelofibrosis. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2000;23:491–2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rössle M, Ochs A, Gulberg V, Siegerstetter V, Holl J, Deibert P, et al. A comparison of paracentesis and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting in patients with ascites. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1701–7.
   Google Scholar
• Marshall JB, Burnett DA, Anderson JC, Zetterman RK. Ascites progressing to an abdominal mass due to extramedullary hematopoiesis in a patient with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM). Dig Dis Sci 1983;28:912–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liote F, Yeni P, Teillet-Thiebaud F, Barge J, Devars Du Mayne JF, Flamant Y, et al. Ascites revealing peritoneal and hepatic extramedullary hematopoiesis with peliosis in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia: case report and review of the literature. Am J Med 1991;90:111–7.
   Google Scholar
• Gorshein D, Brauer MJ. Ascites in myeloid metaplasia due to ectopic peritoneal implantations. Cancer 1969;23:1408–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hung SC, Huang ML, Liu SM, Hsu HC. Massive ascites caused by peritoneal extramedullary hematopoesis as the initial manifestation of myelofibrosis. Am J Med Sci 1999;318:198–200.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yatsumoto M, Ishida F, Ito T, Ueno M, Kitano K, Kiyosawa K. Idiopathic myelofibrosis with refractory massive ascites. Intern Med 2003;42:525–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Calle S. Megakaryocytes in an abdominal fluid. Acta Cytol 1968;12:78–80.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kumar NB, Naylor B. Megakaryocytes in pleural and peritoneal fluids: prevalence, significance, morphology, and cytohistological correlation. J Clin Pathol 1980;33:1153–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Silverman JF. Extramedullary hematopoietic ascitic fluid cytology in myelofibrosis. Am J Clin Pathol 1985;84:125–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar