Conservation of whole body nitric oxide metabolism in human alcoholic liver disease: Implications for nitric oxide production

References

• Bosch J, Abraldes JG, Groszmann R. Current management of portal hypertension. J Hepatol 2003; 38: S54–68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadoke PWF, Hayes PC. In vitro evidence for vascular hyporesponsiveness in clinical and experimental cirrhosis. Pharmacol Ther 1997; 75: 51–68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin P, Gines P, Schrier R. Nitric oxide as a mediator of hemodynamic abnormalities and sodium and water retention in cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 533–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiest R, Groszmann RJ. The paradox of nitric oxide in cirrhosis and portal hypertension: too much, not enough. Hepatology 2002; 35: 478–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallance P, Moncada S. Hyperdynamic circulation in cirrhosis: a role for nitric oxide?. Lancet 1991; 337: 776–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNaughton L, Puttagunta L, Martinez-Cuesta MA, Kneteman N, Mayers I, Moqbel R, et al. Distribution of nitric oxide synthase in normal and cirrhotic human liver. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002; 99: 17161–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohammed NA, El-Aleem SA, Appleton I, Maklouf MM, Said M, McMahon RF. Expression of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in human liver cirrhosis. J Pathol 2003; 200: 647–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morales-Ruiz M, Jimenez W, Perez-Sala D, Ros J, Leivas A, Lamas S, et al. Increased nitric oxide synthase expression in arterial vessels of cirrhotic rats with ascites. Hepatology 1996; 24: 1481–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sogni P, Smith APL, Gadano A, Lebrec D, Higenbottam TW. Induction of nitric oxide synthase II does not account for excess vascular nitric oxide production in experimental cirrhosis. J Hepatol 1997; 26: 1120–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stumm MM, D'Orazio D, Sumanovski LT, Martin P-Y, Reichen J, Sieber CC. Endothelial, but not the inducible, nitric oxide synthase is detectable in normal and portal hypertensive rats. Liver 2002; 22: 441–50
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tazi KA, Barriere E, Moreau R, Heller J, Sogni P, Pateron D, et al. Role of shear stress in aortic eNOS up-regulation in rats with biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2002; 122: 1869–77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez-Varo G, Ros J, Morales-Ruiz M, Cejudo-Martin P, Arroyo V, Sole M, et al. Nitric oxide synthase 3-dependent vascular remodeling and circulatory dysfunction in cirrhosis. Am J Pathol 2003; 162: 1985–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baylis C, Vallance P. Measurement of nitrite and nitrate levels in plasma and urine: what does this measure tell us about the activity of the endogenous nitric oxide system?. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 1998; 7: 59–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhodes P, Leone AM, Francis PL, Struthers AD, Moncada S, Rhodes PM. The L-arginine:nitric oxide pathway is the major source of plasma nitrite in fasted humans. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 1995; 209: 590–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelm M. Nitric oxide metabolism and breakdown. Biochim Biophys Acta 1999; 1411: 273–89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demoncheaux E, Higenbottam T, Kiely D, Wong J, Wharton S, Varcoe R, et al. Decreased whole body endogenous nitric oxide production in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. J Vasc Res 2005; 42: 133–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monaghan JM, Cook K, Gara D, Crowther D. Determination of nitrite and nitrate in human serum. J Chromatogr A 1997; 770: 143–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armitage P, Berry G. Statistical methods in medical research3rd ed. Blackwell Science Ltd., London 1994
   Google Scholar
• Guarner C, Soriano G, Tomas A, Bulbena O, Novella MT, Balanzo J, et al. Increased serum nitrite and nitrate levels in patients with cirrhosis: relationship to endotoxemia. Hepatology 1993; 18: 1139–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barak N, Zemel R, Ben-Ari Z, Braun M, Tur-Kaspa R. Nitric oxide metabolites in decompensated liver cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci 1999; 44: 1338–41
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lluch P, Torondel B, Medina P, Segarra G, Del Olmo JA, Serra MA, et al. Plasma concentrations of nitric oxide and asymmetric dimethylarginine in human alcoholic cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2004; 41: 55–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowther D, Monaghan JM, Cook K, Gara D. Nitrate and nitrite determination in complex matrices by gradient ion chromatography. Anal Commun 1996; 33: 51–2
   Google Scholar
• Weitzberg E, Lundberg JON. Nonenzymatic nitric oxide production in humans. Nitric Oxide 1998; 2: 1–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guarner G, Soriano G, Tomas A, Bulbena O, Novella MT, Balanzo J, et al. Increased serum nitrite and nitrate levels in patients with cirrhosis: relationship to endotoxemia. Hepatology 1993; 18: 1139–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campillo B, Bories PN, Benvenuti C, Dupeyron C. Serum and urinary nitrate levels in liver cirrhosis: endotoxemia, renal function and hyperdynamic circulation. J Hepatol 1996; 25: 707–14
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Castillo L, Beaumier L, Ajami AM, Young VR. Whole body nitric oxide synthesis in healthy men determined from [N-15]arginine-to-[N-15]citrulline labelling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 11460–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ottesen LH, Harry D, Frost M, Davies S, Khan K, Halliwell B, et al. Increased formation of S-nitrosothiols and nitrotyrosine in cirrhotic rats during endotoxemia. Free Radic Biol Med 2001; 31: 790–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wu CT, Eiserich JP, Ansari AA, Coppel RL, Balasubramanian S, Bowlus CL, et al. Myeloperoxidase-positive inflammatory cells participate in bile duct damage in primary biliary cirrhosis through nitric oxide-mediated reactions. Hepatology 2003; 38: 1018–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wennmalm A, Benthin G, Edlund A, Jungersten L, Kieler-Jensen N, Lundin S, et al. Metabolism and excretion of nitric oxide in humans. An experimental and clinical study. Circ Res 1993; 73: 1121–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauer T, Preik M, Rassaf T, Strauer BE, Deussen A, Feelisch M, et al. Plasma nitrite rather than nitrate reflects regional endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity but lacks intrinsic vasodilator action. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98: 12814–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demoncheaux E, Higenbottam T, Foster P, Borland C, Smith A, Marriott H, et al. Circulating nitrite anions are a directly acting vasodilator and are donors for nitric oxide. Clin Sci (Lond) 2002; 102: 77–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eiserich J, Baldus S, Brennan M, Ma W, Zhang C, Tousson A, et al. Myeloperoxidase, a leukocyte-derived vascular NO oxidase. Science 2002; 296: 2391–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang R, Brennan ML, Shen Z, MacPherson JC, Schmitt D, Molenda CE, et al. Myeloperoxidase functions as a major enzymatic catalyst for initiation of lipid peroxidation at sites of inflammation. J Biol Chem 2002; 277: 46116–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosby K, Partovi KS, Crawford JH, Patel RP, Reiter CD, Martyr S, et al. Nitrite reduction to nitric oxide by deoxyhemoglobin vasodilates the human circulation. Nat Med 2003; 9: 1498–505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar