Disseminated tumor cells in the blood of patients with gastric cancer are an independent predictive marker of poor prognosis

References

• Fuchs CS, Mayer RJ. Gastric carcinoma. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 32–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fink U, Stein HJ, Schuhmacher C, Wilke HJ. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer: update. World J Surg 1995; 19: 509–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyers WC, Damiano RJ, Jr, Rotolo FS, Postlethwait RW. Adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Changing patterns over the last 4 decades. Ann Surg 1987; 205: 1–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Msika S, Tazi MA, Benhamiche AM, Couillault C, Harb M, Faivre J. Population-based study of diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of gastric cancer. Br J Surg 1997; 84: 1474–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siewert JR, Bottcher K, Stein HJ, Roder JD. Relevant prognostic factors in gastric cancer: ten-year results of the German Gastric Cancer Study. Ann Surg 1998; 228: 449–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoo CH, Noh SH, Shin DW, Choi SH, Min JS. Recurrence following curative resection for gastric carcinoma. Br J Surg 2000; 87: 236–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogel I, Kalthoff H. Disseminated tumour cells. Their detection and significance for prognosis of gastrointestinal and pancreatic carcinomas. Virchows Arch 2001; 439: 109–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacroix J, Doeberitz MK. Technical aspects of minimal residual disease detection in carcinoma patients. Semin Surg Oncol 2001; 20: 252–64
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oki E, Maehara Y, Tokunaga E, Shibahara K, Hasuda S, Kakeji Y, et al. Detection of disseminated cancer cells in bone marrow of gastric cancer using real time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Cancer Lett 2002; 188: 191–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chausovsky G, Luchansky M, Figer A, Shapira J, Gottfried M, Novis B, et al. Expression of cytokeratin 20 in the blood of patients with disseminated carcinoma of the pancreas, colon, stomach, and lung. Cancer 1999; 86: 2398–405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Illert B, Otto C, Thiede A, Timmermann W. Detection of disseminated tumor cells in nude mice with human gastric cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 2003; 20: 549–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weitz J, Kienle P, Lacroix J, Willeke F, Benner A, Lehnert T, et al. Dissemination of tumor cells in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 1998; 4: 343–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermanek P, Hutter RVP, Sobin LH, Wagner G, Wittekind C. TNM-Atlas4th ed. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg 1998
   Google Scholar
• Vlems FA, Diepstra JH, Cornelissen IM, Ruers TJ, Ligtenberg MJ, Punt CJ, et al. Limitations of cytokeratin 20 RT-PCR to detect disseminated tumour cells in blood and bone marrow of patients with colorectal cancer: expression in controls and downregulation in tumour tissue. Mol Pathol 2002; 55: 156–63
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lukyanchuk VV, Friess H, Kleeff J, Osinsky SP, Ayuni E, Candinas D, et al. Detection of circulating tumor cells by cytokeratin 20 and prostate stem cell antigen RT-PCR in blood of patients with gastrointestinal cancers. Anticancer Res 2003; 23: 2711–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denis MG, Lipart C, LeBorgne J, Lehur PA, Galmiche JP, Denis M, et al. Detection of disseminated tumor cells in peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients. Int J Cancer 1997; 74: 540–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujita S, Kudo N, Akasu T, Moriya Y. Detection of cytokeratin 19 and 20 mRNA in peripheral and mesenteric blood from colorectal cancer patients and their prognosis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2001; 16: 141–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hampton R, Walker M, Marshall J, Juhl H. Differential expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) splice variants in whole blood of colon cancer patients and healthy volunteers: implication for the detection of circulating colon cancer cells. Oncogene 2002; 21: 7817–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flucke U, Steinborn E, Dries V, Monig SP, Schneider PM, Thiele J, et al. Immunoreactivity of cytokeratins (CK7, CK20) and mucin peptide core antigens (MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC) in adenocarcinomas, normal and metaplastic tissues of the distal oesophagus, oesophago-gastric junction and proximal stomach. Histopathology 2003; 43: 127–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubota K, Nakanishi H, Hiki N, Shimizu N, Tsuji E, Yamaguchi H, et al. Quantitative detection of micrometastases in the lymph nodes of gastric cancer patients with real-time RT-PCR: a comparative study with immunohistochemistry. Int J Cancer 2003; 105: 136–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Illert B, Otto C, Breithaupt W, Koospaal M, Thiede A, Timmermann W. Detection of cytokeratin in peripheral blood of patients with gastrointestinal cancer is independent from stage of disease. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2002; 128(Suppl 1)S88
   Google Scholar
• Wharton RQ, Jonas SK, Glover C, Khan ZA, Klokouzas A, Quinn H, et al. Increased detection of circulating tumor cells in the blood of colorectal carcinoma patients using two reverse transcription-PCR assays and multiple blood samples. Clin Cancer Res 1999; 5: 4158–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardingham JE, Hewett PJ, Sage RE, Finch JL, Nuttall JD, Kotasek D, et al. Molecular detection of blood-borne epithelial cells in colorectal cancer patients and in patients with benign bowel disease. Int J Cancer 2000; 89: 8–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel H, Le Marer N, Wharton RQ, Khan ZA, Araia R, Glover C, et al. Clearance of circulating tumor cells after excision of primary colorectal cancer. Ann Surg 2002; 235: 226–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soeth E, Vogel I, Roder C, Juhl H, Marxsen J, Kruger U, et al. Comparative analysis of bone marrow and venous blood isolates from gastrointestinal cancer patients for the detection of disseminated tumor cells using reverse transcription PCR. Cancer Res 1997; 57: 3106–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heiss MM, Allgayer H, Gruetzner KU, Funke I, Babic R, Jauch KW, et al. Individual development and uPA-receptor expression of disseminated tumour cells in bone marrow: a reference to early systemic disease in solid cancer. Nat Med 1995; 1: 1035–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allgayer H, Heiss MM, Riesenberg R, Grutzner KU, Tarabichi A, Babic R, et al. Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPA-R): one potential characteristic of metastatic phenotypes in minimal residual tumor disease. Cancer Res 1997; 57: 1394–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heiss MM, Simon EH, Beyer BC, Gruetzner KU, Tarabichi A, Babic R, et al. Minimal residual disease in gastric cancer: evidence of an independent prognostic relevance of urokinase receptor expression by disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20: 2005–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun S, Pantel K. Diagnosis and clinical significance of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2000; 125: 1237–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kienle P, Koch M. Minimal residual disease in gastrointestinal cancer. Semin Surg Oncol 2001; 20: 282–93
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nakashima S, Natsugoe S, Matsumoto M, Miyazono F, Nakajo A, Uchikura K, et al. Clinical significance of circulating tumor cells in blood by molecular detection and tumor markers in esophageal cancer. Surgery 2003; 133: 162–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyazono F, Natsugoe S, Takao S, Tokuda K, Kijima F, Aridome K, et al. Surgical maneuvers enhance molecular detection of circulating tumor cells during gastric cancer surgery. Ann Surg 2001; 233: 189–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uchikura K, Takao S, Nakajo A, Miyazono F, Nakashima S, Tokuda K, et al. Intraoperative molecular detection of circulating tumor cells by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in patients with biliary-pancreatic cancer is associated with hematogenous metastasis. Ann Surg Oncol 2002; 9: 364–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uhr JW, Scheuermann RH, Street NE, Vitetta ES. Cancer dormancy: opportunities for new therapeutic approaches. Nat Med 1997; 3: 505–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pantel K, Dickmanns A, Zippelius A, Klein C, Shi J, Hoechtlen-Vollmar W, et al. Establishment of micrometastatic carcinoma cell lines: a novel source of tumor cell vaccines. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87: 1162–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pantel K, Schlimok G, Braun S, Kutter D, Lindemann F, Schaller G, et al. Differential expression of proliferation-associated molecules in individual micrometastatic carcinoma cells. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993; 85: 1419–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putz E, Witter K, Offner S, Stosiek P, Zippelius A, Johnson J, et al. Phenotypic characteristics of cell lines derived from disseminated cancer cells in bone marrow of patients with solid epithelial tumors: establishment of working models for human micrometastases. Cancer Res 1999; 59: 241–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar