A simple clinical score predicts high risk for upper gastrointestinal hemorrhages from varices in patients with chronic liver disease

References

• Jensen DM. Endoscopic screening for varices in cirrhosis: findings, implications, and outcomes. Gastroenterology 2002; 122: 1620–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhasin DK, Siyad I. Variceal bleeding and portal hypertension: new lights on old horizon. Endoscopy 2004; 36: 120–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chalasani N, Kahi C, Francois F, Pinto A, Marathe A, Bini EJ, et al. Improved patient survival after acute variceal bleeding: a multicenter, cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol 2003; 98: 653–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Amico G, De Franchis R. Upper digestive bleeding in cirrhosis. Post-therapeutic outcome and prognostic indicators. Hepatology 2003; 38: 599–612
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carbonell N, Pauwels A, Serfaty L, Fourdan O, Levy VG, Poupon R. Improved survival after variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis over the past two decades. Hepatology 2004; 40: 652–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amitrano L, Guardascione MA, Bennato R, Manguso F, Balzano A. MELD score and hepatocellular carcinoma identify patients at different risk of short-term mortality among cirrhotics bleeding from esophageal varices. J Hepatol 2005; 42: 820–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalasani N, Kahi C, Francois F, Pinto A, Marathe A, Bini EJ, et al. Model for End-Stage liver Disease (MELD) for predicting mortality in patients with acute variceal bleeding. Hepatology 2002; 35: 1282–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• del Olmo JA, Pena A, Serra MA, Wassel AH, Benages A, Rodrigo JM. Predictors of morbidity and mortality after the first episode of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in liver cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2000; 32: 19–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim T, Shijo H, Kokawa H, Tokumitsu H, Kubara K, Ota K, et al. Risk factors for hemorrhage from gastric fundal varices. Hepatology 1997; 25: 307–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merkel C, Zoli M, Siringo S, van Buuren H, Magalotti D, Angeli P, et al. Prognostic indicators of risk for first variceal bleeding in cirrhosis: a multicenter study in 711 patients to validate and improve the North Italian Endoscopic Club (NIEC) Index. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95: 2915–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The North Italian Endoscopic Club for the Study and Treatment of Esophageal Varices. Prediction of the first variceal hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and esophageal varices: a prospective multicenter study. N Engl J Med 1988;319:983–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craxi A, Camma C, Giunta M. Clinical aspects of bleeding complications in cirrhotic patients. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2000; 11 Suppl1: S75–9
   Google Scholar
• Rapaport SI. Coagulation problems in liver disease. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2000; 11 Suppl1: S69–74
   Google Scholar
• Tacke F, Fiedler K, von Depka M, Luedde T, Hecker H, Manns MP, et al. Clinical and prognostic role of plasma coagulation factor XIII activity for bleeding disorders and 6-year survival in patients with chronic liver disease. Liver Int 2006; 26: 173–82
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Violi F, Ferro D, Basili S, Quintarelli C, Saliola M, Alessandri C, et al. Hyperfibrinolysis increases the risk of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Hepatology 1992; 15: 672–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nevens F, Bustami R, Scheys I, Lesaffre E, Fevery J. Variceal pressure is a factor predicting the risk of a first variceal bleeding: a prospective cohort study in cirrhotic patients. Hepatology 1998; 27: 15–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thalheimer U, Triantos CK, Samonakis DN, Patch D, Burroughs AK. Infection, coagulation, and variceal bleeding in cirrhosis. Gut 2005; 54: 556–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tacke F, Wustefeld T, Horn R, Luedde T, Srinivas RA, Manns MP, et al. High adiponectin in chronic liver disease and cholestasis suggests biliary route of adiponectin excretion in vivo. J Hepatol 2005; 42: 666–73
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Triantos C, Vlachogiannakos J, Armonis A, Saveriadis A, Kougioumtzian A, Leandro G, et al. Primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhotics unable to take beta-blockers: a randomized trial of ligation. Aliment Pharmacol Therapeutics 2005; 21: 1435–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tacke F, Schoffski P, Trautwein C, Luedde T, Ganser A, Manns MP, et al. Plasma P-selectin levels are elevated in patients with chronic liver disease. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2003; 14: 319–325
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Korner T, Kropf J, Kosche B, Kristahl H, Jaspersen D, Gressner AM. Improvement of prognostic power of the Child-Pugh classification of liver cirrhosis by hyaluronan. J Hepatol 2003; 39: 947–53
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Durand F, Valla D. Assessment of the prognosis of cirrhosis: Child-Pugh versus MELD. J Hepatol 2005; 42 Suppl: S100–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Groszmann RJ, Garcia-Tsao G, Bosch J, Grace ND, Burroughs AK, Planas R, et al. Beta-blockers to prevent gastroesophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 2254–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bendsten F, Christensen E, Hardt F, Henriksen JH, Juhl E, Matzen P, et al. Prophylaxis of 1st hemorrhage from esophageal varices by sclerotherapy, propranolol or both in cirrhotic-patients: a randomized multicenter trial. Hepatology 1991; 14: 1016–24
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• D'Amico G, Pagliaro L, Bosch J. The treatment of portal-hypertension: a metaanalytic review. Hepatology 1995; 22: 332–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conn HO, Grace ND, Bosch J, Groszmann RJ, Rodes J, Wright SC, et al. Propranolol in the prevention of the 1st hemorrhage from esophagogastric varices: a multicenter, randomized clinical trial. Hepatology 1991; 13: 902–12
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jutabha R, Jensen DM, Martin P, Savides T, Han SH, Gornbein J. Randomized study comparing banding and propranolol to prevent initial variceal hemorrhage in cirrhotics with high-risk esophageal varices. Gastroenterology 2005; 128: 870–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paquet KJ, Kalk JF, Klein CP, Gad HA. Prophylactic sclerotherapy for esophageal varices in high-risk cirrhotic patients selected by endoscopic and hemodynamic criteria: a randomized, single-center controlled trial. Endoscopy 1994; 26: 734–40
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schepke M, Kleber G, Nurnberg D, Willert J, Koch L, Veltzke-Schlieker W, et al. Ligation versus propranolol for the primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhosis. Hepatology 2004; 40: 65–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams EJ, Iredale JP. Liver cirrhosis. Postgrad Med J 1998; 74: 193–202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar