A low-dose intradermal hepatitis B vaccine programme in health-care workers and students is highly effective and cost saving: A retrospective follow-up survey in the clinical setting

References

• European Occupational Health Series. Hepatitis B as an occupational hazard. 1994; No. 8.
   Google Scholar
• Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP). MMWR 1990;39(RR-2):1–26.
   Google Scholar
• Coates T, Wilson R, Patrick G, Andre F, Watson V. Hepatitis B vaccines: assessment of the seroprotective efficacy of two recombinant DNA vaccines. Clin Ther 2001; 23: 392–403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardell K, Fryden A, Normann B. Intradermal hepatitis B vaccination in health care workers. Response rate and experiences from vaccination in clinical practise. Scand J Infect Dis 1999; 31: 197–200
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coleman PJ, Shaw FE, Jr, Serovich J, Hadler SC, Margolis HS. Intradermal hepatitis B vaccination in a large hospital employee population. Vaccine 1991; 9: 723–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood RC, MacDonald KL, White KE, Hedberg CW, Hanson M, Osterholm MT. Risk factors for lack of detectable antibody following hepatitis B vaccination of Minnesota health care workers. JAMA 1993; 270: 2935–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Struve J, Aronsson B, Frenning B, Granath F, von Sydow M, Weiland O. Intramuscular versus intradermal administration of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine: a comparison of response rates and analysis of factors influencing the antibody response. Scand J Infect Dis 1992; 24: 423–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez ML, Gonzalez JB, Salva F, Lardinois R. A 7-year follow-up of newborns vaccinated against hepatitis B. Vaccine 1993; 11: 1033–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris CA, Oliver PR, Reynolds F, Selkon JB. Intradermal hepatitis B immunization with yeast-derived vaccine: serological response by sex and age. Epidemiol Infect 1989; 103: 387–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egemen A, Aksit S, Kurugol Z, Erensoy S, Bilgic A, Akilli M. Low-dose intradermal versus intramuscular administration of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine: a comparison of immunogenicity in infants and preschool children. Vaccine 1998; 16: 1511–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP). Hepatitis B virus: a comprehensive strategy for eliminating transmission in the United States through universal childhood vaccination. MMWR 1991;40((RR-13)):1–25.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wistrom J. Intramuscular vs intradermal hepatitis B vaccination: a 6-year follow-up. JAMA 1995; 273: 1835–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryan JP, Sjogren M, Iqbal M, Khattak AR, Nabi S, Ahmed A, et al. Comparative trial of low-dose, intradermal, recombinant- and plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccines. J Infect Dis 1990; 162: 789–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whittle H, Jaffar S, Wansbrough M, Mendy M, Dumpis U, Collinson A, et al. Observational study of vaccine efficacy 14 years after trial of hepatitis B vaccination in Gambian children. Br Med J 2002; 325: 569
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whittle HC, Inskip H, Hall AJ, Mendy M, Downes R, Hoare S. Vaccination against hepatitis B and protection against chronic viral carriage in The Gambia. Lancet 1991; 337: 747–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whittle HC, Maine N, Pilkington J, Mendy M, Fortuin M, Bunn J, et al. Long-term efficacy of continuing hepatitis B vaccination in infancy in two Gambian villages. Lancet 1995; 345: 1089–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Immunity ECGoHB. Are booster immunisations needed for lifelong hepatitis B immunity? Lancet 2000;355:561–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu CY, Chiang BL, Chi WK, Chang MH, Ni YH, Hsu HM, et al. Waning immunity to plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine and the need for boosters 15 years after neonatal vaccination. Hepatology 2004; 40: 1415–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boxall EH, A Sira J, El-Shuhkri N, Kelly DA. Long-term persistence of immunity to hepatitis B after vaccination during infancy in a country where endemicity is low. J Infect Dis 2004;190:1264–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elisbao Mdo C, Baldy JL, Bonametti AM, Reiche EM, Morimoto HK, Pontello R, et al. Intradermal vaccination of adults with three low doses (2 micrograms) of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. II. Persistence of immunity and induction of immunologic memory. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2003; 98: 1109–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janeway CA, Travers P, Walport M, Shlomchik M. Immunobiology: The immune system in health and disease6th ed. Garland Publishing, New York 2005; 461–662
   Google Scholar
• Rahman F, Dahmen A, Herzog-Hauff S, Bocher WO, Galle PR, Lohr HF. Cellular and humoral immune responses induced by intradermal or intramuscular vaccination with the major hepatitis B surface antigen. Hepatology 2000; 31: 521–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabrizi F, Andrulli S, Bacchini G, Corti M, Locatelli F. Intradermal versus intramuscular hepatitis B re-vaccination in non-responsive chronic dialysis patients: a prospective randomized study with cost-effectiveness evaluation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1997; 12: 1204–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabrizi F, Dixit V, Magnini M, Elli A, Martin P. Meta-analysis: intradermal vs. intramuscular vaccination against hepatitis B virus in patients with chronic kidney disease. Alimentary Pharmacol Ther 2006; 24: 497–506
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Micozkadioglu H, Zumrutdal A, Torun D, Sezer S, Ozdemir FN, Haberal M. Low dose intradermal vaccination is superior to high dose intramuscular vaccination for hepatitis B in unresponsive hemodialysis patients. Renal Failure 2007; 29: 285–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levitz RE, Cooper BW, Regan HC. Immunization with high-dose intradermal recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in healthcare workers who failed to respond to intramuscular vaccination. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1995; 16: 88–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belshe RB, Newman FK, Cannon J, Duane C, Treanor J, Van Hoecke C, et al. Serum antibody responses after intradermal vaccination against influenza. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 2286–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMaster KR III, Roper JK, Carter JB. Intradermal hepatitis B vaccination in a 300-bed primary care hospital: experience with a recombinant vaccine in a four-dose schedule. Am J Infect Control 1993; 21: 283–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsano LS, West DJ, Chan I, Hesley TM, Cox J, Hackworth V, et al. A two-dose hepatitis B vaccine regimen: proof of priming and memory responses in young adults. Vaccine 1998; 16: 624–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar