Proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) in gastrointestinal and pancreatic pathophysiology, inflammation and neoplasia

References

• Kawabata A. Gastrointestinal functions of proteinase-activated receptors. Life Sci 2003; 74: 247–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vergnolle N. Review article: proteinase-activated receptors: novel signals for gastrointestinal pathophysiology. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000; 14: 257–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antalis TM, Shea-Donohue T, Vogel SN, Sears C, Fasano A. Mechanisms of disease: protease functions in intestinal mucosal pathobiology. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 4: 393–402
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Søreide K, Janssen EA, Kørner H, Baak JP. Trypsin in colorectal cancer: molecular biological mechanisms of proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. J Pathol 2006; 209: 147–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato K, Ninomiya H, Ohkura S, Ozaki H, Nasu T. Impairment of PAR-2-mediated relaxation system in colonic smooth muscle after intestinal inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 148: 200–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikeda O, Egami H, Ishiko T, Ishikawa S, Kamohara H, Hidaka H, et al. Signal of proteinase-activated receptor-2 contributes to highly malignant potential of human pancreatic cancer by up-regulation of interleukin-8 release. Int J Oncol 2006; 28: 939–46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujimoto D, Hirono Y, Goi T, Katayama K, Hirose K, Yamaguchi A. Expression of protease activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) in gastric cancer. J Surg Oncol 2006; 93: 139–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vergnolle N. Clinical relevance of proteinase activated receptors (PARs) in the gut. Gut 2005; 54: 867–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perini R, Wallace JL, Ma L. Roles of platelets and proteinase-activated receptors in gastric ulcer healing. Dig Dis Sci 2005; 50(Suppl 1)S12–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacNaughton WK. Epithelial effects of proteinase-activated receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2005; 100(Suppl 1)211–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olbe L. Strong activation of PAR-2 receptors: a common trigger for the development of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas?. Scand J Gastroenterol 2007; 42: 1133–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollenberg MD. Physiology and pathophysiology of proteinase-activated receptors (PARs): proteinases as hormone-like signal messengers: PARs and more. J Pharmacol Sci 2005; 97: 8–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirano K, Yufu T, Hirano M, Nishimura J, Kanaide H. Physiology and pathophysiology of proteinase-activated receptors (PARs): regulation of the expression of PARs. J Pharmacol Sci 2005; 97: 31–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirano K. The roles of proteinase-activated receptors in the vascular physiology and pathophysiology. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27: 27–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunzelmann K, Schreiber R, Konig J, Mall M. Ion transport induced by proteinase-activated receptors (PAR2) in colon and airways. Cell Biochem Biophys 2002; 36: 209–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuffe JE, Bertog M, Velazquez-Rocha S, Dery O, Bunnett N, Korbmacher C. Basolateral PAR-2 receptors mediate KCl secretion and inhibition of Na+ absorption in the mouse distal colon. J Physiol 2002; 539: 209–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen TD, Moody MW, Steinhoff M, Okolo C, Koh DS, Bunnett NW. Trypsin activates pancreatic duct epithelial cell ion channels through proteinase-activated receptor-2. J Clin Invest 1999; 103: 261–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Andrea MR, Derian CK, Leturcq D, Baker SM, Brunmark A, Ling P, et al. Characterization of protease-activated receptor-2 immunoreactivity in normal human tissues. J Histochem Cytochem 1998; 46: 157–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiorucci S, Distrutti E, Federici B, Palazzetti B, Baldoni M, Morelli A, et al. PAR-2 modulates pepsinogen secretion from gastric-isolated chief cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2003; 285: G611–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawao N, Sakaguchi Y, Tagome A, Kuroda R, Nishida S, Irimajiri K, et al. Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) in the rat gastric mucosa: immunolocalization and facilitation of pepsin/pepsinogen secretion. Br J Pharmacol 2002; 135: 1292–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawabata A, Kuroda R, Nishida M, Nagata N, Sakaguchi Y, Kawao N, et al. Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) in the pancreas and parotid gland: immunolocalization and involvement of nitric oxide in the evoked amylase secretion. Life Sci 2002; 71: 2435–46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belham CM, Tate RJ, Scott PH, Pemberton AD, Miller HR, Wadsworth RM, et al. Trypsin stimulates proteinase-activated receptor-2-dependent and -independent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Biochem J 1996; 320: 939–46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaca MD, Zhou X, Benyon RC. Regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation and collagen synthesis by proteinase-activated receptors. J Hepatol 2002; 36: 362–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darmoul D, Gratio V, Devaud H, Laburthe M. Protease-activated receptor 2 in colon cancer: trypsin-induced MAPK phosphorylation and cell proliferation are mediated by epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation. J Biol Chem 2004; 279: 20927–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishibori M, Mori S, Takahashi HK. Physiology and pathophysiology of proteinase-activated receptors (PARs): PAR-2-mediated proliferation of colon cancer cell. J Pharmacol Sci 2005; 97: 25–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyata S, Koshikawa N, Yasumitsu H, Miyazaki K. Trypsin stimulates integrin alpha(5)beta(1)-dependent adhesion to fibronectin and proliferation of human gastric carcinoma cells through activation of proteinase-activated receptor-2. J Biol Chem 2000; 275: 4592–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohta T, Shimizu K, Yi S, Takamura H, Amaya K, Kitagawa H, et al. Protease-activated receptor-2 expression and the role of trypsin in cell proliferation in human pancreatic cancers. Int J Oncol 2003; 23: 61–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikeda O, Egami H, Ishiko T, Ishikawa S, Kamohara H, Hidaka H, et al. Expression of proteinase-activated receptor-2 in human pancreatic cancer: a possible relation to cancer invasion and induction of fibrosis. Int J Oncol 2003; 22: 295–300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufmann R, Schafberg H, Nowak G. Proteinase-activated receptor-2-mediated signaling and inhibition of DNA synthesis in human pancreatic cancer cells. Int J Pancreatol 1998; 24: 97–102
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yada K, Shibata K, Matsumoto T, Ohta M, Yokoyama S, Kitano S. Protease-activated receptor-2 regulates cell proliferation and enhances cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression in human pancreatic cancer cells. J Surg Oncol 2005; 89: 79–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong W, McConalogue K, Khitin LM, Hollenberg MD, Payan DG, Bohm SK, et al. Luminal trypsin may regulate enterocytes through proteinase-activated receptor 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94: 8884–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alm AK, Gagnemo-Persson R, Sorsa T, Sundelin J. Extrapancreatic trypsin-2 cleaves proteinase-activated receptor-2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 275: 77–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cottrell GS, Amadesi S, Grady EF, Bunnett NW. Trypsin IV, a novel agonist of protease-activated receptors 2 and 4. J Biol Chem 2004; 279: 13532–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ducroc R, Bontemps C, Marazova K, Devaud H, Darmoul D, Laburthe M. Trypsin is produced by and activates protease-activated receptor-2 in human cancer colon cells: evidence for new autocrine loop. Life Sci 2002; 70: 1359–67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matej R, Mandakova P, Netikova I, Pouckova P, Olejar T. Proteinase-activated receptor-2 expression in breast cancer and the role of trypsin on growth and metabolism of breast cancer cell line MDA MB-231. Physiol Res 2007; 56: 475–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris DR, Ding Y, Ricks TK, Gullapalli A, Wolfe BL, Trejo J. Protease-activated receptor-2 is essential for factor VIIa and Xa-induced signaling, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 2006; 66: 307–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi X, Gangadharan B, Brass LF, Ruf W, Mueller BM. Protease-activated receptors (PAR1 and PAR2) contribute to tumor cell motility and metastasis. Mol Cancer Res 2004; 2: 395–402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinhoff M, Buddenkotte J, Shpacovitch V, Rattenholl A, Moormann C, Vergnolle N, et al. Proteinase-activated receptors: transducers of proteinase-mediated signaling in inflammation and immune response. Endocr Rev 2005; 26: 1–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen C, Coelho AM, Grady E, Compton SJ, Wallace JL, Hollenberg MD, et al. Colitis induced by proteinase-activated receptor-2 agonists is mediated by a neurogenic mechanism. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2003; 81: 920–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cenac N, Garcia-Villar R, Ferrier L, Larauche M, Vergnolle N, Bunnett NW, et al. Proteinase-activated receptor-2-induced colonic inflammation in mice: possible involvement of afferent neurons, nitric oxide, and paracellular permeability. J Immunol 2003; 170: 4296–300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cenac N, Coelho AM, Nguyen C, Compton S, Andrade-Gordon P, MacNaughton WK, et al. Induction of intestinal inflammation in mouse by activation of proteinase-activated receptor-2. Am J Pathol 2002; 161: 1903–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinhoff M, Vergnolle N, Young SH, Tognetto M, Amadesi S, Ennes HS, et al. Agonists of proteinase-activated receptor 2 induce inflammation by a neurogenic mechanism. Nat Med 2000; 6: 151–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cottrell GS, Amadesi S, Pikios S, Camerer E, Willardsen JA, Murphy BR, et al. Protease-activated receptor 2, dipeptidyl peptidase I, and proteases mediate Clostridium difficile toxin A enteritis. Gastroenterology 2007; 132: 2422–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshida N, Katada K, Handa O, Takagi T, Kokura S, Naito Y, et al. Interleukin-8 production via protease-activated receptor 2 in human esophageal epithelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2007; 19: 335–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma A, Tao X, Gopal A, Ligon B, Andrade-Gordon P, Steer ML, et al. Protection against acute pancreatitis by activation of protease-activated receptor-2. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2005; 288: G388–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maeda K, Hirota M, Kimura Y, Ichihara A, Ohmuraya M, Sugita H, et al. Proinflammatory role of trypsin and protease-activated receptor-2 in a rat model of acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 2005; 31: 54–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Namkung W, Han W, Luo X, Muallem S, Cho KH, Kim KH, et al. Protease-activated receptor 2 exerts local protection and mediates some systemic complications in acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2004; 126: 1844–59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoogerwerf WA, Shenoy M, Winston JH, Xiao SY, He Z, Pasricha PJ. Trypsin mediates nociception via the proteinase-activated receptor 2: a potentially novel role in pancreatic pain. Gastroenterology 2004; 127: 883–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez-Hernandez PE, Ramirez-Duenas MG, Albarran-Somoza B, Garcia-Iglesias T, Del Toro-Arreola A, Franco-Topete R, et al. Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) in cervical cancer proliferation. Gynecol Oncol 2008; 108: 19–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jahan I, Fujimoto J, Alam SM, Sato E, Sakaguchi H, Tamaya T. Role of protease activated receptor-2 in tumor advancement of ovarian cancers. Ann Oncol 2007; 18: 1506–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jahan I, Fujimoto J, Alam SM, Sato E, Sakaguchi H, Tamaya T. Expression of protease activated receptor-2 related to angiogenesis in tumor advancement of uterine endometrial cancers. Oncol Rep 2007; 17: 345–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimamoto R, Sawada T, Uchima Y, Inoue M, Kimura K, Yamashita Y, et al. A role for protease-activated receptor-2 in pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. Int J Oncol 2004; 24: 1401–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arisawa T, Tahara T, Shibata T, Nagasaka M, Nakamura M, Kamiya Y, et al. Promoter hypomethylation of protease-activated receptor 2 associated with carcinogenesis in the stomach. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 22: 943–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caruso R, Pallone F, Fina D, Gioia V, Peluso I, Caprioli F, et al. Protease-activated receptor-2 activation in gastric cancer cells promotes epidermal growth factor receptor trans-activation and proliferation. Am J Pathol 2006; 169: 268–78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zoudilova M, Kumar P, Ge L, Wang P, Bokoch GM, DeFea KA. Beta-arrestin-dependent regulation of the cofilin pathway downstream of protease-activated receptor-2. J Biol Chem 2007; 282: 20634–46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritchie E, Saka M, Mackenzie C, Drummond R, Wheeler-Jones C, Kanke T, et al. Cytokine upregulation of proteinase-activated-receptors 2 and 4 expression mediated by p38 MAP kinase and inhibitory kappa B kinase beta in human endothelial cells. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 150: 1044–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostrowska E, Sokolova E, Reiser G. PAR-2 activation and LPS synergistically enhance inflammatory signaling in airway epithelial cells by raising PAR expression level and interleukin-8 release. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2007; 293: L1208–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar P, Lau CS, Mathur M, Wang P, DeFea KA. Differential effects of beta-arrestins on the internalization, desensitization and ERK1/2 activation downstream of protease activated receptor-2. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007; 293: C346–57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trian T, Girodet PO, Ousova O, Marthan R, Tunon-de-Lara JM, Berger P. RNA interference decreases PAR-2 expression and function in human airway smooth muscle cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2006; 34: 49–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oikonomopoulou K, Hansen KK, Saifeddine M, Tea I, Blaber M, Blaber SI, et al. Proteinase-activated receptors, targets for kallikrein signaling. J Biol Chem 2006; 281: 32095–32112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo W, Wang Y, Hanck T, Stricker R, Reiser G. Jab1, a novel protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2)-interacting protein, is involved in PAR-2-induced activation of activator protein-1. J Biol Chem 2006; 281: 7927–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Mueller BM. Protease-activated receptor-2 regulates vascular endothelial growth factor expression in MDA-MB-231 cells via MAPK pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 344: 1263–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saban R, D'Andrea MR, Andrade-Gordon P, Derian CK, Dozmorov I, Ihnat MA, et al. Regulatory network of inflammation downstream of proteinase-activated receptors. BMC Physiol 2007; 7: 3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gruber BL, Marchese MJ, Santiago-Schwarz F, Martin CA, Zhang J, Kew RR. Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) expression in human fibroblasts is regulated by growth factors and extracellular matrix. J Invest Dermatol 2004; 123: 832–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Søreide K. Genetics and molecular classification of colorectal cancer. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2007; 127: 2818–23
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soreide K. Molecular testing for microsatellite instability and DNA mismatch repair defects in hereditary and sporadic colorectal cancers: ready for prime time?. Tumour Biol 2007; 28: 290–300
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wagenaar-Miller RA, Gordon L, Matrisian LM. Matrix metalloproteinases in colorectal cancer: is it worth talking about?. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2004; 23: 119–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coussens LM, Fingleton B, Matrisian LM. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors and cancer: trials and tribulations. Science 2002; 295: 2387–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjoblom T, Jones S, Wood LD, Parsons DW, Lin J, Barber TD, et al. The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science 2006; 314: 268–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JA, Choi SC, Yun KJ, Kim DK, Han MK, Seo GS, et al. Expression of protease-activated receptor 2 in ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2003; 9: 224–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cenac N, Andrews CN, Holzhausen M, Chapman K, Cottrell G, Andrade-Gordon P, et al. Role for protease activity in visceral pain in irritable bowel syndrome. J Clin Invest 2007; 117: 636–47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar