References
- Irshad M, Acharya SK, Joshi YK, et al. Role of fibronectin and complement in immunopathogenesis of acute and subacute hepatic failure. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1994;9:355–360.
- Rolando N, Philpott-Howard J, Williams R. Bacterial and fungal infection in acute liver failure. Semin Liver Dis. 1996;16:389–402.
- Rolando N, Harvey F, Brahm J, et al. Prospective study of bacterial infection in acute liver failure: an analysis of fifty patients. Hepatology. 1990;11:49–53.
- Vaquero J, Polson J, Chung C, et al. Infection and the progression of hepatic encephalopathy in acute liver failure. Gastroenterology. 2003;125:755–764.
- Acharya SK, Panda SK, Saxena A, et al. Acute hepatic failure in India: a perspective from the East. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2000;15:473–479.
- Bhatia V, Singhal A, Panda SK, et al. A 20-year single-center experience with acute liver failure during pregnancy: is the prognosis really worse? Hepatology. 2008;48:1577–1585.
- Bernal W, Hall C, Karvellas CJ, et al. Arterial ammonia and clinical risk factors for encephalopathy and intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure. Hepatology. 2007;46:1844–1852.
- Blei AT, Olafsson S, Therrien G, et al. Ammonia-induced brain edema and intracranial hypertension in rats after portacaval anastomosis. Hepatology. 1994;19:1437–1444.
- Kumar R, Shalimar, Sharma H, et al. Persistent hyperammonemia is associated with complications and poor outcomes in patients with acute liver failure. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;10:925–931.
- Clemmesen JO, Larsen FS, Kondrup J, et al. Cerebral herniation in patients with acute liver failure is correlated with arterial ammonia concentration. Hepatology. 1999;29:648–653.
- Shawcross DL, Wright GAK, Stadlbauer V, et al. Ammonia impairs neutrophil phagocytic function in liver disease. Hepatology. 2008;48:1202–1212.
- Tandon BN, Bernauau J, O’Grady J, et al. Recommendations of the International Association for the Study of the Liver Subcommittee on nomenclature of acute and subacute liver failure. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1999;14:403–404.
- Riegler JL, Lake JR. Fulminant hepatic failure. Med Clin North Am. 1993;77:1057–1083.
- Acharya SK, Dasarathy S, Kumer TL, et al. Fulminant hepatitis in a tropical population: clinical course, cause, and early predictors of outcome. Hepatology. 1996;23:1448–1455.
- Shalimar, Kedia S, Gunjan D, et al. Acute liver failure due to hepatitis E virus infection is associated with better survival than other etiologies in indian patients. Dig Dis Sci. 2017;62:1058–1066.
- Karvellas CJ, Pink F, McPhail M, et al. Predictors of bacteraemia and mortality in patients with acute liver failure. Intensive Care Med. 2009;35:1390–1396.
- Rolando N, Harvey F, Brahm J, et al. Fungal infection: a common, unrecognised complication of acute liver failure. J Hepatol. 1991;12:1–9.
- Possamai LA, Thursz MR, Wendon JA, et al. Modulation of monocyte/macrophage function: a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of acute liver failure. J Hepatol. 2014;61:439–445.
- Jones EA, Mullen KD. Theories of the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. Clin Liver Dis. 2012;16:7–26.
- Bhatia V, Singh R, Acharya SK. Predictive value of arterial ammonia for complications and outcome in acute liver failure. Gut. 2006;55:98–104.
- Clapperton M, Rolando N, Sandoval L, et al. Neutrophil superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production in patients with acute liver failure. Eur J Clin Invest. 1997;27:164–168.
- Altin M, Rajkovic IA, Hughes RD, et al. Neutrophil adherence in chronic liver disease and fulminant hepatic failure. Gut. 1983;24:746–750.
- Karvellas CJ, Cavazos J, Battenhouse H, et al. Effects of antimicrobial prophylaxis and blood stream infections in patients with acute liver failure: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;12:1942–1949.
- Dadsetan S, Sørensen M, Bak LK, et al. Interorgan metabolism of ornithine phenylacetate (OP)–a novel strategy for treatment of hyperammonemia. Biochem Pharmacol. 2013;85:115–123.