References
- Walker JS, Sheathe-Reid RB, Carmody JJ, et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: support for the concept of ‘responders’ and ‘nonresponders’. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40:1940–1943.
- Hochberg MC, Altman RD, April KT, et al. American College of Rheumatology 2012 recommendations for the use of nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies in osteoarthritis of the hand, hip, and knee. Arthritis Care Res. 2012;64:465–474.
- Arnau JM, Vallano A, Lopez A, et al. A critical review of guidelines for low back pain treatment. Eur Spine J. 2006;15:543–553.
- Manfredini D, Landi N, Tognini F, et al. Muscle relaxants in the treatment of myofascial face pain. A literature review. Minerva Stomatol. 2004; 53:305–313.
- Barkin RL. Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: the importance of drug, delivery, and therapeutic outcome. Am J Ther. 2015;22:388–407.
- Hernández-Díaz S, Rodríguez LA. Association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding/perforation: an overview of epidemiologic studies published in the 1990s. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:2093–2099.
- Fries JF, Williams CA, Ramey D, et al. The relative toxicity of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Arthritis Rheum. 1993;36:297–306.
- Stanos SP, Galluzzi KE. Topical therapies in the management of chronic pain. Postgrad Med. 2013;125:25–33.
- Derry S, Moore RA, Gaskell H, et al. Topical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;CD007402.
- Tugwell PS, Wells GA, Shainhouse JZ. Equivalence study of a topical diclofenac solution (pennsaid) compared with oral diclofenac in symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled trial. J Rheumatol. 2004;31:2002–2012.
- Underwood M, Ashby D, Carnes D, et al. Topical or oral ibuprofen for chronic knee pain in older people. The TOIB study. Health Technol Assess. 2008;12:iii–iv,ix-155.
- Lee J, Burke DT. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding associated with diclofenac topical patch in a patient with colonic mass and on antiplatelet therapy for atrial fibrillation. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2014;93:1014–1017.
- Fujimori S, Seo T, Gudis K, et al. Prevention of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced small-intestinal injury by prostaglandin: a pilot randomized controlled trial evaluated by capsule endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;69:1339–1346.
- Kawai S, Uchida E, Kondo M, et al. Efficacy and safety of ketoprofen patch in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Pharmacol. 2010;50:1171–1179.
- Mazières B, Rouanet S, Guillon Y, et al. Topical ketoprofen patch in the treatment of tendinitis: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study. J Rheumatol 2005;32:1563–1570.
- Mazières B, Rouanet S, Velicy J, et al. Topical ketoprofen patch (100 mg) for the treatment of ankle sprain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33:515–523.
- Yataba I, Otsuka N, Matsushita I, et al. The long-term safety of S-flurbiprofen plaster for osteoarthritis patients: an open-label, 52-week study. Clin Drug Investig. 2016;36:673–682.
- Lichtenberger L, Romero JJ, Dial EJ. Gastrointestinal safety and therapeutic efficacy of parenterally administered phosphatidylcholine-associated indomethacin in rodent model systems. Br J Pharmacol. 2009;157:252–257.
- Watanabe T, Tanigawa T, Nadatani Y, et al. Risk factors for severe nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced small intestinal damage. Dig Liver Dis. 2013;45:390–395.
- Ishihara M, Ohmiya N, Nakamura M, et al. Risk factors of symptomatic NSAID-induced small intestinal injury and diaphragm disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014;40:538–547.