Microscopic colitis in Denmark and Sweden: incidence, putative risk factors, histological assessment and endoscopic activity

References

• Lindstrom CG. ‘Collagenous colitis’ with watery diarrhoea–a new entity? Pathol Eur. 1976;11:87–89.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lazenby AJ, Yardley JH, Giardiello FM, et al. Lymphocytic (“microscopic”) colitis: a comparative histopathologic study with particular reference to collagenous colitis. Hum Pathol. 1989;20:18–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tong J, Zheng Q, Zhang C, et al. Incidence, prevalence, and temporal trends of microscopic colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015;110:265–276. Quiz 277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasmussen MA, Munck LK. Systematic review: are lymphocytic colitis and collagenous colitis two subtypes of the same disease – microscopic colitis? Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012;36:79–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vigren L, Olesen M, Benoni C, et al. An epidemiological study of collagenous colitis in southern Sweden from 2001–2010. World J Gastroenterol. 2012;18:2821–2826.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasmussen J, Engel PJ, Wildt S, et al. The temporal evolution of histological abnormalities in microscopic colitis. J Crohns Colitis. 2016;10:262–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjornbak C, Engel PJ, Nielsen PL, et al. Microscopic colitis: clinical findings, topography and persistence of histopathological subgroups. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;34:1225–1234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westerlind H, Mellander MR, Bresso F, et al. Dense genotyping of immune-related loci identifies HLA variants associated with increased risk of collagenous colitis. Gut. 2017;66:421–428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vigren L, Sjoberg K, Benoni C, et al. Is smoking a risk factor for collagenous colitis? Scand J Gastroenterol. 2011;46:1334–1339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhaegh BPM, Pierik MJ, Goudkade D, et al. Early life exposure, lifestyle, and comorbidity as risk factors for microscopic colitis: a case-control study. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2017;23:1040–1046.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke KE, Ananthakrishnan AN, Lochhead P, et al. Smoking is associated with an increased risk of microscopic colitis: results from two large prospective cohort studies of US women. J Crohns Colitis. 2018;12:559–567.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhaegh BP, de Vries F, Masclee AA, et al. High risk of drug-induced microscopic colitis with concomitant use of NSAIDs and proton pump inhibitors. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016;43:1004–1013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonderup OK, Fenger-Gron M, Wigh T, et al. Drug exposure and risk of microscopic colitis: a nationwide Danish case-control study with 5751 cases. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014;20:1702–1707.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vigren L, Tysk C, Strom M, et al. Celiac disease and other autoimmune diseases in patients with collagenous colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2013;48:944–950.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhaegh BP, Jonkers DM, Driessen A, et al. Incidence of microscopic colitis in the Netherlands. A nationwide population-based study from 2000 to 2012. Dig Liver Dis. 2015;47:30–36.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wickbom A, Bohr J, Eriksson S, et al. Stable incidence of collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis in Orebro, Sweden, 1999–2008: a continuous epidemiologic study. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013;19:2387–2393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magro F, Langner C, Driessen A, et al. European consensus on the histopathology of inflammatory bowel disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2013;7:827–851.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiehn AM, Bjornbak C, Warnecke M, et al. Observer variability in the histopathologic diagnosis of microscopic colitis and subgroups. Hum Pathol. 2013;44:2461–2466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Region Skåne. Public health report Scania 2013 - A survey on adult life conditions, living habits and health. [cited 2017 Jan 18]; Available from: https://utveckling.skane.se/siteassets/publikationer_dokument/folkhalsorapport_skane_2013.pdf. Accessed January 18
   Google Scholar
• National Institute of Public Health Denmark. Danskernes sundhed. Tal fra Den Nationale Sundhedsprofil. 2013. [cited 2017 Jan 18]; Available from: http://www.sundhedsprofil2010.dk/rygning/
   Google Scholar
• The Danish Health Data Authority. [cited 2017 Jan 17]; Available from: http://www.medstat.dk/
   Google Scholar
• Bowers D. Medical Statistics from Scratch: an introduction for health professionals. 2nd ed. Chichester, West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons; 2008, p. 181–186.
   Google Scholar
• Mellander MR, Ekbom A, Hultcrantz R, et al. Microscopic colitis: a descriptive clinical cohort study of 795 patients with collagenous and lymphocytic colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2016;51:556–562.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellman M, Kettunen T. Nordic alcohol statistics 2010–2015. Nord Stud Alcohol Dr. 2017;34:267–282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myleus A, Ivarsson A, Webb C, et al. Celiac disease revealed in 3% of Swedish 12-year-olds born during an epidemic. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009;49:170–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlsson AK, Axelsson IE, Borulf SK, et al. Serological screening for celiac disease in healthy 2.5-year-old children in Sweden. Pediatrics. 2001;107:42–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horwitz A, Skaaby T, Karhus LL, et al. Screening for celiac disease in Danish adults. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2015;50:824–831.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weile I, Grodzinsky E, Skogh T, et al. High prevalence rates of adult silent coeliac disease, as seen in Sweden, must be expected in Denmark. APMIS. 2001;109:745–750.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gentile NM, Khanna S, Loftus Jr EV, et al. The epidemiology of microscopic colitis in Olmsted County from 2002 to 2010: a population-based study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;12:838–842.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonderup OK, Wigh T, Nielsen GL, et al. The epidemiology of microscopic colitis: a 10-year pathology-based nationwide Danish cohort study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2015;50:393–398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Danish Health Data Authority. Tarmkraeftscreening. [cited 2017 May 30]; Available at: https://www.sst.dk/da/sygdom-og-behandling/screening/tarmkraeftscreening
   Google Scholar
• Bohr J, Wickbom A, Hegedus A, et al. Diagnosis and management of microscopic colitis: current perspectives. Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2014;7:273–284.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Munch A, Langner C. Microscopic colitis: clinical and pathologic perspectives. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;13:228–236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez-Banares F, de Sousa MR, Salas A, et al. Epidemiological risk factors in microscopic colitis: a prospective case-control study. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013;19:411–417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wickbom A, Nyhlin N, Montgomery SM, et al. Family history, comorbidity, smoking and other risk factors in microscopic colitis: a case-control study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;29:587–594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth B, Gustafsson RJ, Jeppsson B, et al. Smoking- and alcohol habits in relation to the clinical picture of women with microscopic colitis compared to controls. BMC Womens Health. 2014;14:16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsson JK, Sonestedt E, Ohlsson B, et al. The association between the intake of specific dietary components and lifestyle factors and microscopic colitis. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2016;70:1309–1317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivarsson A, Myleus A, Norstrom F, et al. Prevalence of childhood celiac disease and changes in infant feeding. Pediatrics. 2013;131:e687–e694.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adlercreutz EH, Svensson J, Hansen D, et al. Prevalence of celiac disease autoimmunity in children with type 1 diabetes: regional variations across the Oresund strait between Denmark and southernmost Sweden. Pediatr Diabetes. 2015;16:504–509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar