Presence of interferon-λ 4, male gender, absent/mild steatosis and low viral load augment antibody levels to hepatitis C virus

References

• Thomas DL, Thio CL, Martin MP, et al. Genetic variation in IL28B and spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus. Nature. 2009;461(7265):798–801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ge D, Fellay J, Thompson AJ, et al. Genetic variation in IL28B predicts hepatitis C treatment-induced viral clearance. Nature. 2009;461(7262):399–401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bochud PY, Bibert S, Negro F, et al. IL28B polymorphisms predict reduction of HCV RNA from the first day of therapy in chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol. 2011;55(5):980–988.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prokunina-Olsson L, Muchmore B, Tang W, et al. A variant upstream of IFNL3 (IL28B) creating a new interferon gene IFNL4 is associated with impaired clearance of hepatitis C virus. Nat Genet. 2013;45(2):164–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prokunina-Olsson L. Genetics of the human interferon Lambda region. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2019;39(10):599–608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamming OJ, Terczynska-Dyla E, Vieyres G, et al. Interferon Lambda 4 signals via the IFNlambda receptor to regulate antiviral activity against HCV and coronaviruses. Embo J. 2013;32(23):3055–3065.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bamford CGG, Aranday-Cortes E, Filipe IC, et al. A polymorphic residue that attenuates the antiviral potential of interferon lambda 4 in hominid lineages. PLoS Pathog. 2018;14(10):e1007307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onabajo OO, Porter-Gill P, Paquin A, et al. Expression of interferon Lambda 4 is associated with reduced proliferation and increased cell death in human hepatic cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2015;35(11):888–900.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sung PS, Hong SH, Chung JH, et al. IFN-lambda4 potently blocks IFN-alpha signalling by ISG15 and USP18 in hepatitis C virus infection. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):3821.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Petta S, Valenti L, Tuttolomondo A, et al. Interferon lambda 4 rs368234815 TT > deltaG variant is associated with liver damage in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2017;66(6):1885–1893.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen JY, Wang CM, Chen TD, et al. Interferon-lambda3/4 genetic variants and interferon-lambda3 serum levels are biomarkers of lupus nephritis and disease activity in Taiwanese. Arthritis Res Ther. 2018;20(1):193.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Metwally M, Thabet K, Bayoumi A, et al. IFNL3 genotype is associated with pulmonary fibrosis in patients with systemic sclerosis. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):14834.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mehta M, Hetta HF, Abdel-Hameed EA, et al. Association between IL28B rs12979860 single nucleotide polymorphism and the frequency of colonic Treg in chronically HCV-infected patients. Arch Virol. 2016;161(11):3161–3169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obajemu AA, Rao N, Dilley KA, et al. IFN-lambda4 attenuates antiviral responses by enhancing negative regulation of IFN signaling. JI. 2017;199(11):3808–3820.
   Google Scholar
• O'Brien TR, Prokunina-Olsson L, Donnelly RP. IFN-lambda4: the paradoxical new member of the interferon lambda family. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2014;34(11):829–838.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagging M, Langeland N, Pedersen C, NORDynamIC Study Group, et al. Randomized comparison of 12 or 24 weeks of peginterferon alpha-2a and ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 2/3 infection. Hepatology. 2008;47(6):1837–1845.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rembeck K, Alsio A, Christensen PB, et al. Impact of IL28B-related single nucleotide polymorphisms on liver histopathology in chronic hepatitis C genotype 2 and 3. PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e29370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishak K, Baptista A, Bianchi L, et al. Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis. J Hepatol. 1995;22(6):696–699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westin J, Nordlinder H, Lagging M, et al. Steatosis accelerates fibrosis development over time in hepatitis C virus genotype 3 infected patients. J Hepatol. 2002;37(6):837–842.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagging M, Askarieh G, Negro F, for the DITTO-HCV Study Group, et al. Response prediction in chronic hepatitis C by assessment of IP-10 and IL28B-related single nucleotide polymorphisms. PLoS One. 2011;6(2):e17232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egli A, Santer DM, O'Shea D, et al. The impact of the interferon-lambda family on the innate and adaptive immune response to viral infections. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2014;3(7):e51.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Egli A, Santer DM, O'Shea D, et al. IL-28B is a key regulator of B- and T-cell vaccine responses against influenza. PLoS Pathog. 2014;10(12):e1004556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haralambieva IH, Ovsyannikova IG, Kennedy RB, et al. Associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes in cytokine and cytokine receptor genes and immunity to measles vaccination. Vaccine. 2011;29(45):7883–7895.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhiman N, Ovsyannikova IG, Cunningham JM, et al. Associations between measles vaccine immunity and single-nucleotide polymorphisms in cytokine and cytokine receptor genes. J Infect Dis. 2007;195(1):21–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al Rifai M, Khalid U, Misra A, et al. Racial and geographic disparities in influenza vaccination in the U.S. among individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Renewed importance in the setting of COVID-19. Am J Prev Cardiol. 2021;5:100150.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Key FM, Peter B, Dennis MY, et al. Selection on a variant associated with improved viral clearance drives local, adaptive pseudogenization of interferon lambda 4 (IFNL4). PLoS Genet. 2014;10(10):e1004681.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein SL, Jedlicka A, Pekosz A. The Xs and Y of immune responses to viral vaccines. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10(5):338–349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korte W, Buljan M, Rosslein M, et al. SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA antibody response is gender dependent; and IgG antibodies rapidly decline early on. J Infect. 2021;82(1):e11–e14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tavallaie S, Rahsepar AA, Abdi H, et al. Association between indices of body mass and antibody titers to heat-shock protein-27 in healthy subjects. Clin Biochem. 2012;45(1-2):144–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar