The value of contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasound in differential diagnosis and evaluation of malignant risk of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (<50mm)

References

• Dematteo RP, Gold JS, Saran L, et al. Tumor mitotic rate, size, and location independently predict recurrence after resection of primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Cancer. 2008;112(3):608–615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishida T, Blay JY, Hirota S, et al. The standard diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of gastrointestinal stromal tumors based on guidelines. Gastric Cancer. 2016;19(1):3–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He G, Wang J, Chen B, et al. Feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection for upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors treatment and value of endoscopic ultrasonography in pre-operation assess and post-operation follow-up: a prospective study of 224 cases in a single medical center. Surg Endosc. 2016;30(10):4206–4213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim SY, Shim KN, Lee JH, et al. Comparison of the diagnostic ability of endoscopic ultrasonography and abdominopelvic computed tomography in the diagnosis of gastric subepithelial tumors. Clin Endosc. 2019;52(6):565–573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deprez PH, Moons LMG, OʼToole D, et al. Endoscopic management of subepithelial lesions including neuroendocrine neoplasms: European society of gastrointestinal endoscopy (ESGE) guideline. Endoscopy. 2022;54(4):412–429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Z, Yang J, Sun J, et al. Gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumours (2–5 cm): correlation of CT features with malignancy and differential diagnosis. Eur J Radiol. 2020;123:108783.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim GH, Ahn JY, Gong CS, et al. Efficacy of endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle biopsy in gastric subepithelial tumors located in the cardia. Dig Dis Sci. 2020;65(2):583–590.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon JS. Role of endoscopic ultrasonography in guiding treatment plans for upper gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors. Clin Endosc. 2016;49(3):220–225.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dumonceau JM, Deprez PH, Jenssen C, et al. Indications, results, and clinical impact of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided sampling in gastroenterology: European society of gastrointestinal endoscopy (ESGE) clinical Guideline - Updated January 2017. Endoscopy. 2017;49(7):695–714.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarez-Sanchez MV, Napoleon B. Contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasound imaging: basic principles, present situation and future perspectives. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20:15549–15563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamura T, Kitano M. Contrast enhanced endoscopic ultrasound imaging for gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors. Clin Endosc. 2019;52(4):306–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Ye Y, Wang J, et al. Chinese consensus guidelines for diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Chin J Cancer Res. 2017;29(4):281–293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novelli M, Rossi S, Rodriguez-Justo M, et al. DOG1 and CD117 are the antibodies of choice in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Histopathology. 2010;57(2):259–270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karaca C, Turner BG, Cizginer S, et al. Accuracy of EUS in the evaluation of small gastric subepithelial lesions. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71(4):722–727.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huh CW, Jung DH, Kim JS, et al. CT versus endoscopic ultrasound for differentiating small (2–5 cm) gastrointestinal stromal tumors from leiomyomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2019;213(3):586–591.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamashita Y, Kato J, Ueda K, et al. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography can predict a higher malignant potential of gastrointestinal stromal tumors by visualizing large newly formed vessels. J Clin Ultrasound. 2015;43(2):89–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitano M, Yamashita Y. New imaging techniques for endoscopic ultrasonography: contrast-Enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2017;27(4):569–583.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chhoda A, Jain D, Surabhi VR, et al. Contrast enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasound: a novel approach for diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Clin Endosc. 2018;51(3):215–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kannengiesser K, Mahlke R, Petersen F, et al. Contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasound is able to discriminate benign submucosal lesions from gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2012;47(12):1515–1520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lefort C, Gupta V, Lisotti A, et al. Diagnosis of gastric submucosal tumors and estimation of malignant risk of GIST by endoscopic ultrasound. Comparison between B mode and contrast-harmonic mode. Dig Liver Dis. 2021;53(11):1486–1491.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ignee A, Jenssen C, Hocke M, et al. Contrast-enhanced (endoscopic) ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound elastography in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Endosc Ultrasound. 2017;6(1):55–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang YT, Shen N, Ao F, et al. Diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography in predicting the malignancy potential of submucosal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Endosc. 2020;34(9):3754–3765.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casali PG, Blay JY, Abecassis N, ESMO Guidelines Committee, EURACAN and GENTURIS. Electronic address: [email protected], et al. Gastrointestinal stromal tumours: ESMO-EURACAN-GENTURIS clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2022;33(1):20–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fletcher CD, Berman JJ, Corless C, et al. Diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a consensus approach. Int J Surg Pathol. 2002;10(2):81–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miettinen M, Lasota J. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: pathology and prognosis at different sites. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2006;23(2):70–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joensuu H, Vehtari A, Riihimäki J, et al. Risk of recurrence of gastrointestinal stromal tumour after surgery: an analysis of pooled population-based cohorts. Lancet Oncol. 2012;13(3):265–274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akahoshi K, Oya M, Koga T, et al. Clinical usefulness of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration for gastric subepithelial lesions smaller than 2 cm. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2014;23(4):405–412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson AB, Venook AP, Al-Hawary MM, et al. Anal carcinoma, version 2.2018, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2018;16(7):852–871.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park HY, Jeon SW, Lee HS, et al. Can contrast-enhanced harmonic endosonography predict malignancy risk in gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors? Endosc Ultrasound. 2016;5(6):384–389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho IR, Park JC, Roh YH, et al. Noninvasive prediction model for diagnosing gastrointestinal stromal tumors using contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasound. Dig Liver Dis. 2019;51(7):985–992.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peng G, Huang B, Yang X, et al. Preoperative CT feature of incomplete overlying enhancing mucosa as a high-risk predictor in gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the stomach. Eur Radiol. 2021;31(5):3276–3285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwasa Y, Iwashita T, Ichikawa H, et al. Efficacy of Contrast-Enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasound for pancreatic solid tumors with a combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses: a prospective pilot study. Dig Dis Sci. 2022;67(3):1054–1064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee HS, Cho CM, Kwon YH, et al. Predicting malignancy risk in gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors with contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography using perfusion analysis software. Gut Liver. 2019;13(2):161–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar