88
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Serum remnant cholesterol is a potential predictor of liver stiffness in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

, , , , , , & ORCID Icon show all
Pages 469-479 | Received 26 Jul 2023, Accepted 11 Dec 2023, Published online: 22 Dec 2023

References

  • Tian H, Zhang K, Hui Z, et al. Global burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2023;47(1):102068. doi: 10.1016/j.clinre.2022.102068.
  • Ng CH, Huang DQ, Nguyen MH. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease versus metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: prevalence, outcomes and implications of a change in name. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2022;28(4):790–801. doi: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0070.
  • Belfort-DeAguiar R, Lomonaco R, Cusi K. Approach to the patient with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023;108(2):483–495. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac624.
  • Wouters K, van Gorp PJ, Bieghs V, et al. Dietary cholesterol, rather than liver steatosis, leads to hepatic inflammation in hyperlipidemic mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology. 2008;48(2):474–486. doi: 10.1002/hep.22363.
  • Duseja A, Dhiman RK, Premkumar M. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: lessons learnt in the last five years. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2021;11(2):159–162. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2020.07.008.
  • Yang Z, Yang K, Shi J, et al. The association between remnant cholesterol and the estimated 10-year risk of a first hard cardiovascular event. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9:913977. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.913977.
  • Konishi K, Miyake T, Furukawa S, et al. Advanced fibrosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis affects the significance of lipoprotein(a) as a cardiovascular risk factor. Atherosclerosis. 2020;299:32–37. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.02.026.
  • Castañer O, Pintó X, Subirana I, et al. Remnant cholesterol, not LDL cholesterol, is associated with incident cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(23):2712–2724. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.10.008.
  • Elshazly MB, Mani P, Nissen S, et al. Remnant cholesterol, coronary atheroma progression and clinical events in statin-treated patients with coronary artery disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2020;27(10):1091–1100. doi: 10.1177/2047487319887578.
  • Varbo A, Benn M, Tybjærg-Hansen A, et al. Remnant cholesterol as a causal risk factor for ischemic heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61(4):427–436. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.08.1026.
  • Chin J, Mori TA, Adams LA, et al. Association between remnant lipoprotein cholesterol levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents. JHEP Rep. 2020;2(6):100150. doi: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100150.
  • Shan Y, Wang Q, Zhang Y, et al. High remnant cholesterol level is relevant to diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lipids Health Dis. 2022;21(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s12944-021-01621-7.
  • Huang H, Guo Y, Liu Z, et al. Remnant cholesterol predicts long-term mortality of patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(8):e3295–e3303. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac283.
  • Lu S, Kuang M, Yue J, et al. Utility of traditional and non-traditional lipid indicators in the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a japanese population. Lipids Health Dis. 2022;21(1):95. doi: 10.1186/s12944-022-01712-z.
  • Zou Y, Lan J, Zhong Y, et al. Association of remnant cholesterol with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a general population-based study. Lipids Health Dis. 2021;20(1):139. doi: 10.1186/s12944-021-01573-y.
  • Lu S, Xie Q, Kuang M, et al. Lipid metabolism, BMI and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the general population: evidence from a mediation analysis. J Transl Med. 2023;21(1):192. doi: 10.1186/s12967-023-04047-0.
  • Sasso M, Miette V, Sandrin L, et al. The controlled attenuation parameter (CAP): a novel tool for the non-invasive evaluation of steatosis using fibroscan. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2012;36(1):13–20. doi: 10.1016/j.clinre.2011.08.001.
  • Abenavoli L, Beaugrand M. Transient elastography in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Ann Hepatol. 2012;11(2):172–178. doi: 10.1016/S1665-2681(19)31021-X.
  • EASL., EASD., EASO. EASL-EASD-EASO clinical practice guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2016;64(6):1388–1402. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.11.004.
  • Akinbami LJ, Chen TC, Davy O, et al. National health and nutrition examination survey, 2017-March 2020 prepandemic file: sample design, estimation, and analytic guidelines. Vital Health Stat. 12022;190:1–36.
  • Siddiqui MS, Vuppalanchi R, Van Natta ML, et al. Vibration-controlled transient elastography to assess fibrosis and steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;17(1):156–163.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.04.043.
  • Carey RM, Whelton PK,. Prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: synopsis of the 2017 American college of cardiology/American heart association hypertension guideline. Ann Intern Med. 2018;168(5):351–358. doi: 10.7326/m17-3203.
  • Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine JE, et al. The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guidance from the American association for the study of liver diseases. Hepatology. 2018;67(1):328–357. doi: 10.1002/hep.29367.
  • Younes R, Caviglia GP, Govaere O, et al. Long-term outcomes and predictive ability of non-invasive scoring systems in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2021; 75(4):786–794. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.05.008.
  • Campanella A, Iacovazzi PA, Misciagna G, et al. The effect of three mediterranean diets on remnant cholesterol and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a secondary analysis. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1674. doi: 10.3390/nu12061674.
  • Zou Y, Hu C, Kuang M, et al. Remnant cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is a new powerful tool for identifying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Gastroenterol. 2022;22(1):134. doi: 10.1186/s12876-022-02216-x.
  • Zhang S, Cheng S, He X, et al. Remnant lipoprotein cholesterol as a factor related to adult fatty liver disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(4):e1598–e1609. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab825.
  • Walenbergh SM, Shiri-Sverdlov R. Cholesterol is a significant risk factor for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;9(11):1343–1346. doi: 10.1586/17474124.2015.1092382.
  • Das Pradhan A, Glynn RJ, Fruchart JC, et al. Triglyceride lowering with pemafibrate to reduce cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(21):1923–1934. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2210645.
  • Kontush A. HDL and reverse remnant-cholesterol transport (RRT): relevance to cardiovascular disease. Trends Mol Med. 2020;26(12):1086–1100. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.07.005.
  • Schekatolina S, Lahovska V, Bekshaev A, et al. Mathematical modelling of material transfer to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) upon triglyceride lipolysis by lipoprotein lipase: relevance to cardioprotective role of HDL. Metabolites. 2022;12(7):623. doi: 10.3390/metabo12070623.
  • Heeren J, Scheja L. Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and lipoprotein metabolism. Mol Metab. 2021;50:101238. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101238.
  • Peng X, Wu H. Inflammatory links between hypertriglyceridemia and atherogenesis. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2022;24(5):297–306. doi: 10.1007/s11883-022-01006-w.
  • Machado MV, Diehl AM. Pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology. 2016;150(8):1769–1777. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.066.
  • Darabi M, Kontush A. High-density lipoproteins (HDL): novel function and therapeutic applications. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2022;1867(1):159058. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159058.
  • Sandesara PB, Virani SS, Fazio S, et al. The forgotten lipids: triglycerides, remnant cholesterol, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. Endocr Rev. 2019;40(2):537–557. doi: 10.1210/er.2018-00184.
  • Borén J, Taskinen MR, Björnson E, et al. Metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in health and dyslipidaemia. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2022;19(9):577–592. doi: 10.1038/s41569-022-00676-y.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.