CD44 Splice Variants as Prognostic Markers in Colorectal Cancer

REFERENCES

• NIH Consensus Meeting. Adjuvant therapy for patients with colon and rectal cancer. JAMA 1990;264:1444–50.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lesley J, Hyman R, Kincade PW. CD44 and its interactions with the extracellular matrix. Adv Immunol 1993;4: 271–335.
   Google Scholar
• Miyake K, Medina KL, Hayashi S, Ono S, Hamaoka T, Kincade PW. Monoclonal antibodies to Pgp-1/CD44 block lympho- hemopoiesis in long-term bone marrow cultures. J Exp Med 1990;171:477–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denning SM, Le PT, Singer KH, Haynes BF. Antibodies against CD44, p80, lymfocyte homing receptor molecule augment peripheral blood T cell activation. J Immunol 1990;144:7–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimizu Y, van Seventer GA, Siraganian R, Wahl L, Shaw S. Dual role of the CD44 molecule in T cell adhesion and activation. J Immunol 1989;143:2457–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koopman G, Heider KH, Horst E, Adolf GR, van den Berg F, Ponta H, et al. Activated human lymphocytes and aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas express a homologue of the rat metastasis-associated variant of CD44. J Exp Med 1993;177: 897–904.
   Google Scholar
• Jalkanen S, Bargatze RF, Herron LR, Butcher EC. A lymphoid cell surface glycoprotein involved in endothelial cell recognition and lymphocyte homing in man. Eur J Immunol 1986;16:1195–202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horst E, Meijer CJLM, Radaszkiewicz T, Ossekoppele GJ, van Krieken JHJM, Pals ST. Adhesion molecules in the prognosis of diffuse large-cell lymphoma: expression of a lymphocyte homing receptor (CD44), LFA-1 (CD11a/18), and ICAM (CD54). Leukemia 1990;4:595–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jalkanen S, Joensuu H, Söderström KO, Klemi P. Lymphocyte homing and clinical behaviour of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J Clin Invest 1991;87:1835–40.
   Google Scholar
• Sy MS, Guo YJ, Stamenkovic I. Inhibition of tumor growth in vivo with a soluble CD44-immunoglobulin fusion protein. J Exp Med 1992;176: 623–7.
   Google Scholar
• Günthert U, Hofmann M, Rudy W, Reber S, Zöller M, Haußmann I, et al. A new variant of glycoprotein CD44 confers metastatic potential to rat carcinoma cell lines. Cell 1991;65: 13–24.
   Google Scholar
• Matsumara Y, Tarin D. Significance of CD44 gene products for cancer diagnosis and disease evaluation. Lancet 1992;340:1053–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanabe KK, Ellis LM, Saya H. Expression of CD44R1 adhesion molecule in colon carcinomas and metastases. Lancet 1993;341: 725–6.
   Google Scholar
• Heider KH, Hofmann M, Horst E, van den Berg F, Ponta H, Herrlich P, et al. A human homologue of the rat metastasis- associated variant of CD44 is expressed in colorectal carcinomas and adenomatous polyps. J Cell Biol 1993;120: 227–33.
   Google Scholar
• Wielenga VJM, Heider KH, Offerhaus GJA, Adolf GR, van den Berg F, Ponta H, et al. Expression of CD44 variant proteins in human colorectal cancer is related to tumor progression. Cancer Res 1993;53:4754–6.
   Google Scholar
• Mulder JWR, Kruyt PM, Sewnath M, Oosting J, Seldenrijk CA, Weidema WF, et al. Colorectal cancer prognosis and expression of exon-v6 containing CD44 proteins. Lancet 1995;344:1470–2.
   Google Scholar
• Kauffmann M, Heider KH, Sinn HP, Minckwitz von G, Ponta H, Herrlich P. CD44 variant exon epitopes in primary breast cancer and length of survival. Lancet 1995;345: 615–9.
   Google Scholar
• Cooper DL, Dougherty GJ. To mestastasize or not? Selection of CD44 splice sites. Nature Med 1995;1:635–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stauder R, Eisterer W, Thaler J, Gunthert U. CD44 variant isoforms in non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas: a new independent prognostic factor. Blood 1995;85:2885–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Screaton GR, Bell MV, Jackson DG, Cornelis FB, Gerth K, Bell JL. Genomic structure of DNA encoding the lymphocyte homing receptor CD44 reveals at least 12 alternatively spliced exons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992;89:12160–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stamenkovic I, Amiot M, Pesando JM, Seed B. A lymphocyte molecule implicated in lymph node homing is a member of the cartilage link protein family. Cell 1989;56:1057–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson D, Bell JI, Dickinson R, Timans J, Shields J, Whittle N. Proteoglycan forms of of the lymphocyte homing receptor CD44 are alternatively spliced variants containing the v3 exon. J Cell Biol 1995;128:673–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heider KH, Mulder JWR, Ostermann E, Susani E, Patzelt E, Pals ST, et al. Splice variants of the cell surface glycoprotein CD44 associated with metastatic tumor cells are expressed in normal tissues of humans and cynomolgus monkeys. Eur J Cancer 1995;31A:2385–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox S, Fawcett J, Jackson DGJ, Collins I, Gatter KC, Harris AL, et al. Normal human tissues, in addition to some tumors, express multiple different CD44 isoforms. Cancer Res 1994;54:4539–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dukes CE. The classification of cancer of the rectum. J Pathol Bact 1932;25:323–32.
   Google Scholar
• Offerhaus GJA, Giardiello FM, Bruijn JA, Stijnen T, Molyvas EN, Fleuren GJ. The value of collagen IV immunohistochemistry in colorectal cancer. Cancer 1991;67:99–105.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heider KH, Sproll M, Susani S, Patzelt E, Beaumier P, Ostermann E, et al. Characterization of a high-affinity monoclonal antibody specific for CD44v6 as candidate for immunotherapy of squamous cell carcinomas. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1996;43:245–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orzechowski HD, Beckenbach C, Herbst H, Stolzel U, Riecken EO, Stallmach A. Expression of CD44v6 is associated with cellular dysplasia in colorectal epithelial cells. Eur J Cancer 1995;31A:2073–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Imazeki F, Yokosuka O, Yamagichi T, Ohto M, Isono K, Omata M. Expression of variant CD44-messenger RNA in colorectal adenocarcinomas and adenomatous polyps in humans. Gastroenterology 1995;110:362–8.
   Google Scholar
• Kim H, Yang XL, Rosada C, Hamilton SR, August JT. CD44 expression in colorectal adenomas is an early event occuring prior to K-ras and p53 gene mutation. Arch Biochem Biophys 1994;310: 504–7.
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez C, Monges G, Rouanet P, Dutrillaux B, Lefrancois D, Theillet C. CD44 expression patterns in breast and colon tumors: a PCR-based study of splice variants. Int J Cancer 1995;64:347–54.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jackson PA, Green MA, Pouli A, Hubberd R, Marks CG, Cook MG. Relation between stage, grade, proliferation, and expression of p53 and CD44 in adenomas and carcinomas of the colorectum. J Clin Pathol 1995;48:1098–101.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gotley DC, Fawcett J, Walsh MD, Reeder JA, Simmons DL, Antalis TM. Alternatively spliced variants of the cell adhesion molecule CD44 and tumor progression in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 1996;74:342–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshida K, Sugino T, Bolodeoku J, Warren BF, Goodison S, Woodman A, et al. Detection of exfoliated carcinoma cells in colonic luminal washings by identification of deranged patterns of expression of the CD44 gene. J Clin Pathol 1996;49:300–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar