Implications of Gastric Topical Bioactive Peptides in Ammonia-induced Acute Gastric Mucosal Lesions in Rats

REFERENCES

• Warren JR, Marshall BJ. Unidentified curved bacilli on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis. Lancet 1983;1:1273–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall BJ, Warren JR. Unidentified curved bacilli in the stomach of patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration. Lancet 1984;1:1311–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsujii M, Kawano S, Tsuji S, Fusamoto H, Kamada T, Sato N. Mechanism of gastric mucosal damage induced by ammonia. Gastroenterology 1992;102:1881–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murakami M, Saita H, Teramura S, Dekigai H, Asagoe K, Kusaka S, et al. Gastric ammonia has a potent ulcergenic action on the rat stomach. Gastroenterology 1993;105:1710–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murakami M, Yoo JK, Mizuno M, Saita H, Inada M, Miyake T. Effects of ammonia, urea, and urease on the rat gastric mucosa. Gastroenterology 1987;92:1544.
   Google Scholar
• Brzozowski T, Konturek PC, Konturek SJ, Ernst H, Sliwowski K, Hahn EG. Mucosal irritation, adaptive cytoprotection, and adaptation to topical ammonia in the rat stomach. Scand J Gastroenterol 1996;31:837–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakada K, Mitsuma T, Furusawa A, Maeda Y, Morise K. The effects of histamine on the concentrations of immunoreactive thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the stomach and hypothalamus in rats. Gastroenterol Jpn 1990;25:425–31.
   Google Scholar
• Kaneko H, Mitsuma T, Morise K, Uchida K, Furusawa A, Maeda Y, et al. Effect of serotonin on the immunoreactive thyrotropin-releasing hormone concentrations of the rat stomach. Digestion 1992;53:149–56.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maeda Y, Morise K, Kusugami K, Uchida K, Furusawa A, Kaneko H, et al. Effects of water-immersion-induced stress and intraperitoneal administration of brain-gut peptides upon immunoreactive thyrotropin-releasing hormone and prostaglandin E2 concentrations in the rat stomach. Gastroenterol Jpn 1991;26:417–23.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Uchida K, Mitsuma T, Morise K, Kaneko H, Nagai H, Furusawa A, et al. The role of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the pathogenesis of water-immersion stress in rats. Inhibition of TRH release from the stomach by atropine, ranitidine or omeprazole. Gastroenterol Jpn 1993;28:1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Nagai H, Morise K, Mitsuma T, Furusawa A, Kaneko H, Uchida K, et al. Effect of cold-restraint stress on immunoreactive thyrotropin-releasing hormone and immunoreactive somatostatin in the rat stomach. J Gastroenterol 1995;30:142–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chayvialle JAP, Descos F, Bernard C, Martin A, Barbe C, Partensky C. Somatostatin in mucosa of stomach and duodenum in gastroduodenal disease. Gastroenterology 1978;75:13–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanagisawa M, Kurihara H, Kimura S, Tomobe Y, Kobayashi M, Mitsui Y, et al. A novel potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells. Nature 1988;332:411–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi K, Jones PM, Kanse SM, Lam HC, Spokes RA, Ghatei MA. Endothelin in the gastrointestinal tract. Presence of endothelinlike immunoreactivity, endothelin-1 messenger RNA, endothelin receptors, and pharmacological effect. Gastroenterology 1990;99: 1660–7.
   Google Scholar
• Whittle BJR, Esplugues JV. Induction of rat gastric damage by the endothelin-derived peptide, endothelin. Br J Pharmacol 1988;95:1011–3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wallace JL, Cirino G, Nucci GD, McKnight W, MacNaughton WK. Endothelin has potent ulcerogenic and vasoconstrictor actions in the stomach. Am J Physiol 1989;256:G661–6.
   Google Scholar
• Masuda E, Kawano S, Nagano K, Tsuji S, Ishigami Y, Hayashi N, et al. Endothelin-1 antiserum attenuates ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Gastroenterology 1991;100:A199.
   Google Scholar
• Fukumura D, Kurose I, Miura S, Serizawa H, Sekizuka E, Nagata H, et al. Role of endothelin-1 in repeated electrical stimulation-induced microcirculatory disturbance and mucosal damage in rat stomach. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996;11:279–85.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Masaki T. Tissue specificity of the endothelin-induced responses. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1991;17 Suppl 7:S1–4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Itoh S, Sasaki T, Ide K, Ishikawa K, Nishikibe M, Yano M. A novel endothelin ETa receptor antagonist, BQ-485, and its preventive effect of experimental cerebral vasospasm in dogs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993;195:969–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mori S, Kaneko H, Nagai H, Shinozaki K, Iyo T, Yamashita K, et al. Role of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), somatostatin and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in ammonia-induced acute gastric mucosal lesion in rats. Gut 1996;39 Suppl 2:A57.
   Google Scholar
• Mitsuma T, Hirooka Y, Nihei N. Radioimmunoassay of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in human serum and its application. Acta Endocrinol 1976;83:225–35.
   Google Scholar
• Mitsuma T, Kayama M, Hirooka Y, Ishikawa A, Rhu R. Radioimmunoassay for plasma endothelin-1. J Aichi Med Univ Assoc 1990;18: 251–9.
   Google Scholar
• Itoh M, Mitsuma T, Tomita A. Studies on the measurements of somatostatin by radioimmunoassay (in Japanese with English abstract). Folia Endocrinol Jap 1977;53:1106–17.
   Google Scholar
• Marshall BJ, Kangton SR. Urea hydrolysis in patients with Campylobacter pyloridis infection. Lancet 1986;1:965–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Murakami M, Yoo JK, Saita H, Seiki M, Inada M, Miyake T. Effects of 16, 16-dimethyl-prostaglandin E2 on ammonia- and ethanol-induced mucosal lesions in the rat. J Clin Gastroenterol 1988;10 Suppl 1:S65–71.
   Google Scholar
• Sommi P, Ricci V, Fiocca R, Romano M, Ivey KJ, Coba E, et al. Significance of ammonia in the genesis of gastric epithelial lesions induced by Helicobacter pylori: an in vitro study with different bacterial strains and urea concentrations. Digestion 1996;57:299–304.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hagen SJ, Takahashi S, Jansons R. Role of vacuolation in the death of gastric epithelial cells. Am J Physiol 1997;272:C48–58.
   Google Scholar
• Saeki Y, Higuchi K, Azuma M, Hasegawa N, Nakamura S, Arakawa T, et al. Location of endothelin (ET) detected by immunohistochemistry in gastric mucosa. Gastroenterology 1992;102:A156.
   Google Scholar
• Morley JE. Extrahypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-its distribution and its function. Life Sci 1979;25:1539–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuruo Y, Hoekefelt T, Visser TJ, Kimel JR, Brown JC, Verhofstadt A. TRH-like immunoreactivity in endocrine cells and neurons in the gastro-intestinal tract of the rat and guinea pig. Cell Tissue Res 1988;253:347–56.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chiba T, Yamada T. Gut somatostatin. In: Walsh JH, Dockray GJ, editors. Gut peptides: biochemistry and physiology. New York: Raven Press, Ltd.; 1994. p. 123–45.
   Google Scholar
• Ghatei MA, Takahashi K, Kirkland SC, Jones PM, Perera T, Wright NA, et al. Endothelin. In: Walsh JH, Dockray GJ, editors. Gut peptides: biochemistry and physiology. New York: Raven Press, Ltd; 1994. p. 389–400.
   Google Scholar
• Furusawa A, Morise K, Maeda Y, Uchida K, Kaneko H, Nakada K, et al. Effect of luminal administration of thyrotropinreleasing hormone or somatostatin on gastric pH and interaction of these peptides in rats. Gastroenterol Jpn 1992;27:165–71.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Calam J. The somatostatin-gastrin link of Helicobacter pylori infection. Ann Med 1995;27:569–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaneko H, Nakada K, Mitsuma T, Uchida K, Furusawa A, Maeda Y, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection induces a decrease in immunoreactive-somatostatin concentrations of human stomach. Dig Dis Sci 1992;37:409–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang H, Wong H, Wu V, Walsh JH, Taché Y. Somatostatin monoclonal antibody immunoneutralization increases gastrin and gastric acid secretion in urethane-anesthetized rats. Gastroenterology 1990;99:659–65.
   Google Scholar
• Saeki Y, Arakawa T, Higuchi K, Uno H, Watanabe T, Tominaga K, et al. Effects of endothelin on serum gastrin level and acid secretion in rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1995;26 Suppl 3: S123–5.
   Google Scholar
• Mitsuma T, Kaneko H, Hirooka Y, Mori S, Mori Y, Adachi K, et al. In vitro effects of endothelin 1 on somatostatin and thyrotropin-releasing hormone release from the rat stomach. Life Sci 1998;62:1007–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tsuji S, Kawano S, Tsujii M, Hayashi N, Masuda E, Michida T, et al. Sucralfate is an ammonia scavenger and protects gastric mucosa from ammonia-induced injury. Gastroenterology 1992; 102:A706.
   Google Scholar