References
- Feldman M, Schiller LR. Disorders of gastrointestinal motility associated with diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med 1983;98:278–84.
- Horowitz M, Fraser R. Disordered gastric motor function in diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1994;37:543–51.
- Chang CS, Kao CH, Wang YS, Chen GH, Wang SJ. Discrepant pattern of solid and liquid gastric emptying in Chinese patients with type-II diabetes mellitus. Nucl Med Commun 1996;17:60–5.
- Meyer JH. Motility of the stomach and gastroduodenal junction. In: Johnson LR, editor. Physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. New York: Raven Press; 1987. p. 613–30.
- Mantides A, Stefanides G, Kioulanis J, Tzovaras G, Epano-meritakis E, Xynos E. Cutaneous electrogastrography for the assessment of gastric myoelectrical activity in type I diabetes mellitus. Am J Gastroenterol 1997;92:1190–3.
- Schvarcz E, Palmer M, Aman J, Horowitz M, Stridsberg U, Berne C. Physiological hyperglycemia slows gastric emptying in normal subjects and patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Gastroenterology 1997;113:60–6.
- Chang CS, Chen GH, Kao CH, Wang SJ, Peng SN, Poon SK, et al. Gastric clearance of radio-opaque markers in non-ulcer dyspepsia patients. Scand J Gastroenterol 1996;31:136–9.
- Meyer B, Beglinger C, Neumayer M, Stalder GA. Physical characteristics of indigestible solids affect emptying from the fasting human stomach. Gut 1989;30:1526–9.
- Werth B, Meyer-Wyss B, Spinas G, Drewe J, Beglinger C. Noninvasive assessment of gastrointestinal motility disorders in diabetic patients with and without cardiovascular signs of autonomic neuropathy. Gut 1992;33:1199–203.
- Feldman M, Smith HJ, Simon TR. Gastric emptying of solid radiopaque markers: studies in healthy subjects and diabetic patients. Gastroenterology 1984;87:895–902.
- Kawagishi T, Nishizawa Y, Okuno Y, Sekiya K, Mori H. Effect of cisapride on gastric emptying of indigestible solids and plasma motilin concentration in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Am J Gastroenterol 1993;88:933–8.
- Rothstein RD, Alavi A, Reynolds JC. Electrogastrography in patients with gastroparesis and effect of long-term cisapride. Dig Dis Sci 1993;38:1518–24.
- Cohen JA, Gross KF. Autonomic neuropathy: clinical presentation and differential diagnosis. Geriatrics 1990;45:33–7.
- Meier R, Beglinger C, Meyer-Wyss B, Rausch T, Dederding J, Brignoli R. Gender and smoking habits, but not age or menopause affect gastric emptying and colonic transit time in the healthy volunteers. Gastroenterology 1992;102:A483.
- Chen JZ, McCallum RW. Electrogastrographic parameters and their clinical significance. In: Chen JD, McCallum RW, editors. Electrogastrography: principles and applications. New York: Raven Press; 1994. p. 45–73.
- Stern RM, Koch KL, Stewart WR, Vasey MW. Electrogastrography: current issues in validation and methodology. Psychophysiology 1987;24:55–64.
- Hasler WL, Soudah HC, Dulai G, Owyang C. Mediation of hyperglycemia-evoked gastric slow-wave dysrhythmias by endogeneous prostaglandins. Gastroenterology 1995;108:727–36.
- Koch KL, Stern RM, Stewart WR, Vasey M. Gastric emptying and gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with diabetic gastroparesis: effect of long-term domperidone treatment. Am J Gastroenterol 1989;84:1069–75.
- Miolan JP, Roman C. Discharge of efferent vagal fibers supplying gastric antrum: Indirect study by using nerve suture technique. Am J Physiol 1978;235:E366–73.
- Kaneko H, Sakakibara M, Mitsuma T, Morise K. Possibility of postprandial electrogastrography for evaluating vagal/nonvagal cholinergic activity in humans, through simultaneous analysis of postprandial heart rate variability and serum immunoreactive hormone levels. Am J Gastroenterol 1995;90:603–9.
- Hall KE. Vagal control of canine postprandial upper gastrointestinal motility. Am J Physiol 1986;250:G501–10.
- Stern RM, Crawford HE, Stewart WR, Vasey MW, Koch KL. Sham feeding: cephalic-vagal influences on gastric myoelectric activity. Dig Dis Sci 1989;34:521–7.
- Smith HJ, Feldman M. Influence of food and marker length on gastric emptying of indigestible radiopaque markers in healthy humans. Gastroenterology 1986;91:452–5.
- Kelly KA. Gastric emptying of liquids and solids: roles of proximal and distal stomach. Am J Physiol 1980;239:G71–6.
- Wright RA, Clemente R, Wathen R. Diabetic gastroparesis: an abnormality of gastric emptying of solids. Am J Med Sci 1985;289:240–2.
- Malagelada JR, Rees WDW, Mazzotta LJ, Go VLM. Gastric motor abnormalities in diabetic and post-vagotomy gastroparesis: effect of metoclopramide and bethanechol. Gastroenterology 1980;78:286–93.