Prevention of Recurrent Variceal Bleeding

References

• Bernard B, Lebrec D, Marthurin P, Opolon P, Poynard T. Propranolol and sclerotherapy in the prevention of gastrointestinal rebleeding in patients with cirrhosis: a meta-analysis. J Hepatol 1997; 26: 312–24.
   Google Scholar
• Gross M, Zoller WG. Medical prophylaxis of haemorrhage from esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis. Eur J Gastroent Hepatol 1997; 9: 603–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grace ND. Diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to portal hypertension. Am J Gastroenterol 1997; 92: 1081–91.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barsoum MS, Bolous FI, El-Rooby AA, Rizk-Allah MA, Ibrahim AS. Tamponade and injection sclerotherapy in the management of bleeding esophageal varices. Br J Surg 1982; 69: 76–8.
   Google Scholar
• Terblanche J, Bornman PC, Kahn D, et al. Failure of repeated injection sclerotherapy to improve long-term survival after esophageal variceal bleeding: a five-year prospective controlled clinical trial. Lancet 1983; 2: 1328–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Copenhagen Esophageal Varices Sclerotherapy Project. Sclerotherapy after first variceal varices hemorrhage in cirrhosis: a randomized multicenter trial. N Engl J Med 1984; 311: 1594–600.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soderlund C, Ihre T. Endoscopic sclerotherapy versus conservative management of bleeding esophageal varices: a 5-year prospective controlled trial of emergency and long-term treatment. Acta Chir Scand 1985; 151: 449–56.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Westaby D, Macdougall BR, Williams R. Improved survival following injection sclerotherapy for esophageal varices: final analysis of a controlled trial. Hepatology 1985; 5: 827–30.
   Google Scholar
• Korula J, Balart LA, Radvan G, et al. A prospective randomized controlled trial of chronic esophageal variceal sclerotherapy. Hepatology 1985; 5: 584–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burroughs AK, McCormick PA, Siringo S. Prospective randomized trial of long term sclerotherapy for variceal rebleeding using the same protocol to treat rebleeding in all patients: final report [Abstract]. Hepatology 1989; 10: 579.
   Google Scholar
• Rossi V, Cales P, Pascal B, et al. Prevention of recurrent variceal bleeding in alcoholic cirrhotic patients: prospective controlled trial of propranolol and sclerotherapy. J Hepatol 1991; 12: 283–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• The Veterans Affairs Cooperative Variceal Sclerotherapy Group. Sclerotherapy for male alcoholics with cirrhosis who have bled from esophageal varices: results of a randomized multicenter trial. Hepatology 1994; 20: 618–25.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stiegman G, Goff J, Michaletz-Omody P, et al. Endoscopic sclerotherapy as compared with endoscopic ligation for bleeding esophageal varices. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 1527–32.
   Google Scholar
• Laine L, El-Newihi H, McGinn F. Endoscopic ligation compared with sclerotherapy for treatment of bleeding esophageal varices. Ann Int Med 1993; 119: 1–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gimson A, Ramage J, Panos M, et al. Randomised trial of variceal banding ligation versus injection sclerotherapy for bleeding oesophageal varices. Lancet 1993; 342: 391–4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hou MC, LH-C, Kuo BI-T, Chen C-H, Lee F-A, Lee SD. Comparison of endoscopic variceal injection sclerotherapy and ligation for the treatment of esophageal variceal hemorrhage: a prospective randomized trial. Hepatology 1995; 21: 1517–22.
   Google Scholar
• Lo GH, Lai KH, Cheung JS, et al. Emergency banding ligation versus sclerotherapy for the control of active bleeding from esophageal varices. Hepatology 1997; 25: 1101–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarin SK, Govil A, Jain AK, et al. Prospective randomized trial of endoscopic sclerotherapy versus variceal band ligation for esophageal varices: influence on gastropathy, gastric varices and variceal recurrence. Hepatology 1997; 26: 826–32.
   Google Scholar
• Avgerinos A, Armonis A, Manolakopoulos S, et al. Endoscopic sclerotherapy versus variceal ligation in the long-term management of patients with cirrhosis after variceal bleeding. A prospective randomized study. J Hepatol 1997; 26: 1034–41.
   Google Scholar
• Baroncini D, Milandri GL, Borioni D, et al. A prospective randomized trial of sclerotherapy versus ligation in the elective treatment of bleeding esophageal varices. Endoscopy 1997; 29: 235–40.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laine L, Stein C, Sharma V. Randomized comparison of ligation versus ligation plus sclerotherapy in patients with bleeding esophageal varices. Gastroenterology 1996; 110: 529–33.
   Google Scholar
• Saeed ZA, Stiegman GV, Ramirez FC, et al. Endoscopic variceal ligation is superior to combined ligation and sclerotherapy for esophageal varices: a multicenter prospectively randomized trial. Hepatology 1997; 25: 71–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhargava DK, Pokharna R. Endoscopic variceal ligation versus endoscopic variceal ligation and endoscopic sclerotherapy: a prospective randomized study. Am J Gastroenterol 1997; 92: 950–3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• García-Pagán JC, Bosch J. Pharmacological prevention of variceal bleeding. New developments. Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol 1997; 11: 271–87.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Feu F, García-Pagán JC, Bosch J, et al. Relation between portal pressure response to pharmacotherapy and risk of recurrent variceal haemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis. Lancet 1995; 346: 1056–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes PC, Davis JM, Lewis JA, Bouchier IAD. Meta-analysis of value of propranolol in prevention of variceal haemorrhage. Lancet 1990; 336: 153–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernard B, Lebrec D, Mathurin P, Opolon P, Poynard T. Metaanalysis of beta-blockers in the prevention of recurrent variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis [Abstract]. Hepatology 1994; 20: 106A.
   Google Scholar
• D’Amico G, Pagliaro L, Bosch J. The treatment of portal hypertension: a meta-analytic review. Hepatology 1995; 22: 332–54.
   Google Scholar
• Villanueva C, Balanzo J, Novella MT, et al. Nadolol plus isosorbide mononitrate compared with sclerotherapy for the prevention of variceal rebleeding. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 1624–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García-Pagán JC, Feu F, Bosch J, Rodés J. Propranolol compared with propranolol plus isosorbide-5-mononitrate for portal hypertension in cirrhosis. Ann Int Med 1991; 114: 869–73.
   Google Scholar
• Fleig WE, Stange EF, Hunecke R, et al. Prevention of recurrent bleeding in cirrhotics with recent variceal hemorrhage: prospective, randomized comparison of propranolol and sclerotherapy. Hepatology 1987; 7: 355–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dollet JM, Champigneulle B, Patris A, Bigard MA, Gaucher P. Sclérothérapy endoscopique contre propranolol après hémorrhagie par rupture de varices oesophagiennes chez le cirrhotique. Résultats à 4 ans d’une étude randomisée. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1988; 12: 234–9.
   Google Scholar
• Alexandrino PT, Alves MM, Pinto Correia J. Propranolol or endoscopic sclerotherapy in the prevention of recurrence of variceal bleeding. A prospective, randomized controlled trial. J Hepatol 1988; 7: 175–85.
   Google Scholar
• Liu JD, Jeng YS, Chen P. Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy and propranolol in the prevention of recurrent variceal bleeding [Abstract]. World Congress of Gastroenterology Abstracts 1990: FP1181. Abingdon: The Medical Group (UK).
   Google Scholar
• Westaby D, Polson RJ, Gimson AES, Hayes PC, Hayllar K, Williams R. A controlled trial of oral propranolol compared with injection sclerotherapy for the long-term management of variceal bleeding. Hepatology 1990; 11: 353–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi V, Calés P, Burtin P, et al. Prevention of recurrent bleeding in alcoholic cirrhotic patients: a prospective controlled trial of propranolol and sclerotherapy. J Hepatol 1991; 12: 283–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martin T, Taupignon A, Lavignolle A, Perrin D. Prévention des récidives hémorrhagiques chez les malades atteints de cirrhose. Résultats d’une étude controlée comparant propranolol et sclérose endoscopique. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1991; 15: 833–7.
   Google Scholar
• Dasarathy S, Dwivedi M, Bhargava DK, Sundaram KR, Ramachandran K. A prospective randomized trial comparing repeated endoscopic sclerotherapy and propranolol in decompensated (Child class B and C) cirrhotic patients. Hepatology 1992; 16: 89–94.
   Google Scholar
• Terés J, Bosch J, Bordas JM, et al. Propranolol vs sclerotherapy in the prevention of variceal rebleeding. A randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterology 1993; 105: 1508–14.
   Google Scholar
• Grace ND. Management of portal hypertension. Gastroenterologist 1993; 39: 58.
   Google Scholar
• Westaby D, Melia W, Hegarty J, Gimson AE, Stellon AJ, Williams R. Use of propranolol to reduce the rebleeding rate during injection sclerotherapy prior to variceal obliteration. Hepatology 1986; 6: 673–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connor KW, Lehman G, Yune H, et al. Comparison of three nonsurgical treatments for bleeding esophageal varices. Gastroenterology 1989; 96: 899–906.
   Google Scholar
• Lundell L, Leth R, Lind T, Lonroth H, Sjovall M, Olbe L. Evaluation of propranolol for prevention of recurrent bleeding from esophageal varices between sclerotherapy sessions. Acta Chir Scand 1990; 156: 711–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vinel JP, Lamouliate H, Cales P, et al. Propranolol reduces the rebleeding rate during endoscopic sclerotherapy before variceal obliteration. Gastroenterology 1992; 102: 1760–3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Avgerinos A, Rekoumis G, Klonis C, et al. Porpranolol in the prevention of recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis undergoing endoscopic sclerotherapy: a randomized controlled trial. J Hepatol 1993; 19: 301–11.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Acharaya SK, Dasarathy S, Saksena S, Pande JN. A prospective randomized study to evaluate propranolol in patients undergoing long-term endoscopic sclerotherapy. J Hepatol 1993; 19: 291–300.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vickers C, Rhodes J, Chesner I, et al. Prevention of rebleeding from esophageal varices: two-year follow-up of a prospective controlled trial of propranolol in addition to sclerotherapy. J Hepatol 1994; 21: 87–91.
   Google Scholar
• Merkel C, Sacerdoti D, Bolognesi M, Bombonato G, Gatta A. Doppler sonography and hepatic vein catheterazation in portal hypertension: assessment of agreement in evaluating severity and response to treatment. J Hepatol 1998; 28: 622–30.
   Google Scholar
• Nevens F, Bustami R, Scheys I, Lesaffre E, Fevery J. Variceal pressure is a factor predicting the risk of a first variceal bleeding: a prospective cohort study in cirrhotic patients. Hepatology 1998; 27: 15–9.
   Google Scholar
• Rössle M, Deibert P, Haag K, et al. Randomised trial of transjugular-intrahepatic-portosystemic shunt versus endoscopy plus propranolol for prevention of variceal rebleeding. Lancet 1997; 349: 1043–9.
   Google Scholar
• Jalan R, Forrest EH, Stanley AJ, et al. A randomized trial comparing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt with variceal band ligation in the prevention of rebleeding from esophageal varices. Hepatology 1997; 26: 1115–22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Merli M, Salerno F, Riggio O, et al. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt versus endoscopic sclerotherapy for the prevention of variceal bleeding in cirrhosis: a randomized multicenter trial. Hepatology 1998; 27: 40–5.
   Google Scholar