Variation in the Propensity to Release Endotoxin after Cefuroxime Exposure in Different Gram-negative Bacteria: Uniform and Dose-dependent Reduction by the Addition of Tobramycin

References

• Hurley JC. Antibiotic-induced release of endotoxin: a reappraisal. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 15: 840–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen BM, Solberg O. Endotoxin liberation and invasivity of Neisseria meningitidis. Scand J Infect Dis 1984; 16: 247–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goto H, Nakamura S. Liberation of endotoxin from Escherichia coli by addition of antibiotics. Jpn J Exp Med 1979; 50: 35–43.
   Google Scholar
• Hurley JC. Antibiotic-induced release of endotoxin. A therapeutic paradox. Drug Safety 1995; 12: 183–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dofferhoff ASM, Nijland JH, de Vries-Hospers HG, Mulder PO, Weits J, Bom VJ. Effects of different types of combinations of antimicrobial agents on endotoxin release from Gramnegative bacteria: an in vitro and in vivo study. Scand J Infect Dis 1991; 23: 745–54.
   Google Scholar
• Prins JM, van Agtmael MA, Kuijper EJ, van Deventer SJ, Speelman P. Antibiotic-induced endotoxin release in patients with Gram-negative urosepsis: a double blind study comparing imipenem and ceftazidime. J Infect Dis 1995; 172: 886–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shenep JL, Barton RP, Mogan KA. Role of antibiotic class in the rate of liberation of endotoxin during therapy for experimental gram-negative bacterial sepsis. J Infect Dis 1985; 151: 1012–8.
   Google Scholar
• Young LS. Sepsis syndrome. In: Mandell GL, Bennet JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and practice of infectious diseases, 4th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1995: 690–705.
   Google Scholar
• Evans ME, Pollack M. Effect of antibiotic class and concentration on the release of lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli. J Infect Dis 1993; 167: 1336–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crosby HA, Bion JF, Penn CW, Elliott TSJ. Antibiotic-induced release of endotoxin from bacteria in vitro. J Med Microbiol 1994; 40: 23–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjölin J, Goscinski G, Lundholm M, Bring J, Odenholt I. Endotoxin release from Escherichia coli after exposure to tobramycin: dose-dependency and reduction in cefuroxime-induced endotoxin release. Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2000; 6: 74–81.
   Google Scholar
• Brown DFJ, Brown L. Evaluation of the E-test, a novel method of quantifying antimicrobial activity. J Antimicrob Chemother 1991; 27: 185–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nachum R, Berzotsky RN. Chromogenic Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay for rapid detection of Gram negative bacteriuria. J Clin Microbiol 1985; 21: 759–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manly BFJ. The design and analysis of research studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson JJ, Kropp H. Beta-lactam antibiotic-induced release of free endotoxin: in vitro comparison of penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2-specific imipenem and PBP 3-specific ceftazidime. J Infect Dis 1992; 165: 1033–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bingen E, Goury V, Bennani H, Lambert-Zechovsky N, Aujard Y, Darbord JC. Bactericidal activity of β-lactams and amikacin against Haemophilus influenzae: effect on endotoxin release. J Antimicrob Chemother 1992; 30: 165–72.
   Google Scholar
• Van der Berg C, de Neeling AJ, Schot CS, Hustinx WNM, Wemer J, de Wildt DJ. Delayed antibiotic-induced lysis of Escherichia coli in vitro is correlated with enhancement of LPS release. Scand J Infect Dis 1992; 24: 619–27.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prins JM, Speelman P, Kuijper EJ, Dankert J, van Deventer SJ. No increase in endotoxin exposure during antibiotic killing of meningococci. J Antimicrob Chemother 1997; 39: 13–8.
   Google Scholar
• Andersen BM, Solberg O. Effect of benzylpenicillin in mice infected with endotoxin-liberating or non-liberating variant strains of Neisseria meningitidis. Scand J Infect Dis 1987; 16: 257–66.
   Google Scholar
• Mendelman PM, Campos J, Chaffin DO, Serfass DA, Smith AL, Saez-Nieto JA. Relative penicillin G resistance in Neisseria meningitidis and reduced affinity of penicillin-binding protein 3. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1988; 32: 706–9.
   Google Scholar
• Ropp PA, Nicholas RA. Cloning and characterization of the ponA gene encoding penicillin-binding protein 1 from Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis. J Bacteriol 1997; 179: 2783–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orus P, Vinas M. Mechanisms other than penicillin-binding protein-2 alterations may contribute to moderate penicillin resistance in Neisseria meningitidis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2001; 18: 113–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• König C, Simmen H-P, Blaser J. Bacterial concentrations in pus and infected peritoneal fluid-implications for bacterial activity of antibiotics. J Antimicrob Chemother 1998; 42: 227–32.
   Google Scholar
• Hurley JC, Louis WJ, Tosolini FA, Carlin JB. Antibiotic-induced release of endotoxin in chronically bacteriuric patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1991; 35: 2388–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dofferhoff ASM, Esselink MT, de Vries-Hospers HG, van Zanten A, Bom VJJ, Weits J, Vellenga E. The release of endotoxin from antibiotic-treated Escherichia coli and the production of tumour necrosis factor by human monocytes. J Antimicrob Chemother 1993; 31: 373–84.
   Google Scholar
• Morrison DC, Bucklin SE, Leeson MC, Norimatsu M. Contribution of soluble endotoxin released from gram-negative bacteria by antibiotics to the pathogenesis of experimental sepsis in mice. J Endotox Res 1996; 3: 237–43.
   Google Scholar
• Arditi M, Ables L, Yogev R. Cerebrospinal fluid endotoxin levels in children with H. influenzae meningitis before and after administration of intravenous ceftriaxone. J Infect Dis 1989; 160: 1005–11.
   Google Scholar
• Mock CN, Jurkovich GJ, Dries DJ, Maier RV. Clinical significance of antibiotic endotoxin-releasing properties in trauma patients. Arch Surg 1995; 130: 1234–41.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luchi M, Morrison DC, Opal S, Yoneda K, Slotman G, Chambers H, et al. A comparative trial of imipenem versus ceftazidime in the release of endotoxin and cytokine generation in patients with gram-negative urosepsis. J Endotox Res 2000; 6: 25–31.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maury E, Barakett V, Blanchard H, Guitton C, Fitting C, Vassal T, et al. Circulating endotoxin during initial antibiotic treatment of severe gram-negative bacteraemic infections. J Infect Dis 1998; 178: 270–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar