211
Views
124
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Role of Apoptotic Cell Death in Sepsis

, &
Pages 585-592 | Published online: 08 Jul 2009

References

  • Raff M. Cell suicide for beginners. Nature 1998; 396: 119–22.
  • Haslett C, Savill J. Why is apoptosis important to clinicians? Br Med J 2001; 322: 1499–500.
  • Kerr JF, Wyllie AH, Currie AR. Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Br J Cancer 1972; 26: 239–57.
  • Cheng EH, Wei MC, Weiler S, Flavell RA, Mak TW, Lindsten T, Korsmeyer SJ. BCL-2, BCL-X(L) sequester BH3 domainonly molecules preventing BAX- and BAK-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. Mol Cell 2001; 8: 705–11.
  • Hengartner MO. Apoptosis: corralling the corpses. Cell 2001; 104: 325–58.
  • Melino G. The Sirens’ song. Nature 2001; 412: 23.
  • Wyllie AH. Apoptosis: an overview. Br Med Bull 1997; 53: 451–65.
  • Barker RN, Erwig L, Pearce WP, Devine A, Rees AJ. Differential effects of necrotic or apoptotic cell uptake on antigen presentation by macrophages. Pathobiology 1999; 67: 302–5.
  • Voll RE, Herrmann M, Roth EA, Stach C, Kalden JR, Girkontaite I. Immunosuppressive effects of apoptotic cells. Nature 1997; 390: 350–1.
  • Fadok VA, Bratton DL, Konowal A, Freed PW, Westcott JY, Henson PM. Macrophages that have ingested apoptotic cells in vitro inhibit proinflammatory cytokine production through autocrine/paracrine mechanisms involving TGF-beta, PGE2, and PAF. J Clin Invest 1998; 101: 890–8.
  • Chen W, Frank ME, Jin W, Wahl SM. TGF-beta released by apoptotic T cells contributes to an immunosuppressive milieu. Immunity 2001; 14: 715–25.
  • Nicholson DW From bench to clinic with apoptosis-based therapeutic agents. Nature 2000; 407: 810–6.
  • Friedlander RM. Apoptosis and caspases in neurodegenerative diseases. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 1365–75.
  • Waters JS, Webb A, Cunningham D, Clarke PA, Raynaud F, di Stefano F, Cotter FE. Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotide therapy in patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18: 1812–23.
  • Zychlinsky A, Sansonetti P. Perspectives series: host/pathogen interactions. Apoptosis in bacterial pathogenesis. J Clin Invest 1997; 100: 493–5.
  • Benedict CA, Norris PS, Ware CF. To kill or be killed: viral evasion of apoptosis. Nat Immunol 2002; 3: 1013–8.
  • Geng Y, Shane RB, Berencsi K, Gonczol E, Zaki MH, Margolis DJ, et al. Chlamydia pneumoniae inhibits apoptosis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells through induction of IL-10. J Immunol 2000; 164: 5522–9.
  • Clifton DR, Goss RA, Sahni SK, van Antwerp D, Baggs RB, Marder VJ, et al. NF-kB-dependent inhibition of apoptosis is essential for host cell survival during Rickettsia rickettsii infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95: 4646–51.
  • Grassme H, Kirschnek S, Riethmueller J, Riehle A, von Kurthy G, Lang F, et al. CD95/CD95 ligand interactions on epithelial cells in host defense to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Science 2000; 290: 527–30.
  • Fettucciari K, Rosati E, Scaringi L, Cornacchione P, Migliorati G, Sabatini R, et al. Group B Streptococcus induces apoptosis in macrophages. J Immunol 2000; 165: 3923–33.
  • Monack DM, Mecsas J, Bouley D, Falkow S. Yersinia-induced apoptosis in vivo aids in the establishment of a systemic infection of mice. J Exp Med 1998; 188: 2127–37.
  • Georges AJ, Leroy EM, Renaut AA, Benissan CT, Nabias RJ, Ngoc MT, et al. Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Gabon, 1994–1997: epidemiologic and health control issues. J Infect Dis 1999; 179(Suppl 1): S65–75.
  • Hotchkiss RS, Swanson PE, Freeman BD, Tinsley KW, Cobb JP, Matuschak GM, et al. Apoptotic cell death in patients with sepsis, shock, and multiple organ dysfunction. Crit Care Med 1999; 27: 1230–51.
  • Kinloch RA, Treherne JM, Furness LM, Hajimohamadreza I. The pharmacology of apoptosis. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1999; 20: 35–42.
  • Hotchkiss RS, Tinsley KW, Swanson PE, Schmieg Jr RE, Hui JJ, Chang KC, et al. Sepsis-induced apoptosis causes progressive profound depletion of B and CD4 + T lymphocytes in humans. J Immunol 2001; 166: 6952–63.
  • Hotchkiss RS, Tinsley KW, Swanson PE, Grayson MH, Osborne DF, Wagner TH, et al. Depletion of dendritic cells, but not macrophages, in patients with sepsis. J Immunol 2002; 168: 2493–500.
  • Hotchkiss RS, Schmieg Jr RE, Swanson PE, Freeman BD, Tinsley KW, Cobb JP, et al. Rapid onset of intestinal epithelial and lymphocyte apoptotic cell death in patients with trauma and shock. Crit Care Med 2000; 28: 3207–17.
  • Schroeder S, Lindemann C, Decker D, Klaschik S, Hering R, Putensen C, et al. Increased susceptibility to apoptosis in circulating lymphocytes of critically ill patients. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2001; 386: 42–6.
  • Le Tulzo Y, Pangault C, Gacouin A, Guilloux V, Tribut O, Amlot L, et al. Early circulating lymphocyte apoptosis in human septic shock is associated with poor outcome. Shock 2002; 18: 487–94.
  • Hotchkiss RS, Swanson PE, Knudson CM, Chang KC, Cobb JP, Osborne DF, et al. Overexpression of Bcl-2 in transgenic mice decreases apoptosis and improves survival in sepsis. J Immunol 1999; 162: 4148–56.
  • Chung CS, Xu YX, Wang W, Chaudry IH, Ayala A. Is Fas ligand or endotoxin responsible for mucosal lymphocyte apoptosis in sepsis? Arch Surg 1998; 133: 1213–20.
  • Oberholzer C, Oberholzer A, Bahjat FR, Minter RM, Tannahill CL, Abouhamze A, et al. Targeted adenovirus-induced expression of IL-10 decreases thymic apoptosis and improves survival in murine sepsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98: 11503–8.
  • Hotchkiss RS, Chang KC, Swanson PE, Tinsley KW, Hui JJ, Klender P, et al. Caspase inhibitors improve survival in sepsis: a critical role of the lymphocyte. Nat Immunol 2000; 1: 496–501.
  • Green DR, Beere HM. Gone but not forgotten. Nature 2000; 405: 28–9.
  • Hotchkiss RS, Chang KC, Grayson MH, Tinsley KW, Dunne BS, Davis CG, et al. Adoptive transfer of apoptotic splenocytes worsens survival, whereas adoptive transfer of necrotic splenocytes improves survival in sepsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003; 100: 6724–9.
  • Freire-de-Lima CG, Nascimento DO, Soares MB, Bozza PT, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, de Mello FG, et al. Uptake of apoptotic cells drives the growth of a pathogenic trypanosome in macrophages. Nature 2000; 403: 199–203.
  • Roy S, Nicholson DW. Cross-talk in cell death signaling. J Exp Med 2000; 192: F21–5.
  • Hotchkiss RS, Tinsley KW, Hui JJ, Chang KC, Swanson PE, Drewry AM, et al. p53-dependent and -independent pathways of apoptotic cell death in sepsis. J Immunol 2000; 164: 3675–80.
  • Hiramatsu M, Hotchkiss RS, Karl IE, Buchman TG. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) induces apoptosis in thymus, spleen, lung, and gut by an endotoxin and TNF-independent pathway. Shock 1997; 7: 247–53.
  • Finkel E. The mitochondrion: is it central to apoptosis? Science 2001; 292: 624–6.
  • Wei MC, Zong WX, Cheng EH, Lindsten T, Panoutsakopoulou V, Ross AJ, et al. Proapoptotic BAX and BAK: a requisite gateway to mitochondrial dysfunction and death. Science 2001; 292: 727–30.
  • Cheng EH, Wei MC, Weiler S, Flavell RA, Mak TW, Lindsten T, Korsmeyer SJ. BCL-2, BCL-X(L) sequester BH3 domain- only molecules preventing BAX- and BAK-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. Mol Cell 2001; 8: 705–11.
  • Wang X. The expanding role of mitochondria in apoptosis. Genes Dev 2001; 15: 2922–33.
  • Braun JS, Novak R, Herzog KH, Bodner SM, Cleveland JL, Tuomanen EI. Neuroprotection by a caspase inhibitor in acute bacterial meningitis. Nat Med 1999; 5: 298–302.
  • Friedlander RM, Brown RH, Gagliardini V, Wang J, Yuan J. Inhibition of ICE slows ALS in mice. Nature 1997; 388: 31.
  • Iwata A, Harlan JM, Vedder NB, Winn RK. The caspase inhibitor z-VAD is more effective than CD18 adhesion blockade in reducing muscle ischemia – reperfusion injury: implication for clinical trials. Blood 2002; 100: 2077–80.
  • Coopersmith CM, Chang KC, Swanson PE, Tinsley KW, Stromberg PE, Buchman TG, et al. Overexpression of Bcl-2 in the intestinal epithelium improves survival in septic mice. Crit Care Med 2002; 30: 195–201.
  • Coopersmith C, Stromberg PE, Dunne WM, Davis CG, AmioT II DM, Buchman TG, et al. Inhibition of intestinal epithelial apoptosis and survival in a murine model of pneumonia- induced sepsis. JAMA 2002; 287: 1716–21.
  • Oberholzer C, Oberholzer A, Clare-Salzler M, Moldawer LL. Apoptosis in sepsis: a new target for therapeutic exploration. FASEB J 2001; 15: 879–92.
  • Oberholzer A, Oberholzer C, Minter RM, Moldawer LL. Considering immunomodulatory therapies in the septic patient: should apoptosis be a potential therapeutic target?. Immunol Lett 2003; 75: 221–4.
  • Cauwels A, Janssen B, Waeytens A, Cuvelier C, Brouckaert P. Caspase inhibition causes hyperacute tumor necrosis factor- induced shock via oxidative stress and phospholipase A2. Nat Immunol 2003; 4: 387–93.
  • Perfettini JL, Kroemer G. Caspase activation is not death. Nat Immunol 2003; 4: 308–10.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.