- Jacobson MA, Zegans M, Pavan PR, O’Donnell JJ, Sattler F, Rao N, et al. Cytomegalovirus retinitis after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Lancet 1997; 349: 1443–5.
- Race EM, Adelson-Mitty J, Kriegel GR, Barlam TF, Reimann KA, Letvin NL, Japour AJ. Focal mycobacterial lymphadenitis following initiation of protease-inhibitor therapy in patients with advanced HIV-1 disease. Lancet 1998; 351: 252–5.
- Narita M, Ashkin D, Hollender ES, Pitchenik AE. Paradoxical worsening of tuberculosis following antiretroviral therapy in patients with AIDS. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158: 157–61.
- Albrecht H. Leishmaniasis: new perspectives on an underappreciated opportunistic infection. AIDS 1998; 12: 2225–6.
- Pineda JA, Gallardo JA, Macias J, Delgado J, Regordan C, Morillas F, et al. Prevalence of factors associated with visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients in southern Spain. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 39: 2419–22.
- Kubar J, Marty P, Lelièvre A, Quaranta JF, Caroli-Bosc C, Le Fichoux Y. Visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-positive patients: primary infection, reactivation and latent infection. Impact of the CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts. AIDS 1998; 12: 2147–53.
- Cozon G, Grenland T, Revillard JP Profound CD4+ lymphocytopenia in the absence of HIV infection in a patient with visceral leishmaniasis. N Engl J Med 1990; 332: 132.
- Berhe N, Wolday D, Hailu A, Abraham Y, Ali A, Gebre-Michael T, et al. HIV viral load and response to antileishmanial chemotherapy in co-infected patients. AIDS 1999; 13: 1921–5.
- Bernier R, Turco SJ, Olivier M, Tremblay M. Activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in monocytoid cells by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani. J Virol 1998; 69: 7282–5.
- Michelet C, Arvieux C, Francois C, Besnier JM, Rogez JP, Breux JP, et al. Opportunistic infection occurring during highly active antiretroviral treatment. AIDS 1998; 12: 1815–22.
- de la Rosa R, Pineda JA, Delgado J, Macias J, Morillas F, Martin-Sanchez J, et al. Influence of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the outcome of subclinical visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32: 633–5.
- Gazzinelli RT, Makino M, Chattopadhyay SK, Snapper CM, Sher A, Hugin AW, Morse HC. 3rd. CD4 subset regulation in viral infection. Preferential activation of Th2 cells during progression of retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency in mice. J Immunol 1992; 148: 182–8.
- Zwingenberger K, Harms G, Pedrosa C, Omena S, Sandkamp B, Neifer S. Determinants of immune response in visceral leishmaniasis: evidence for predominance of endogenous interleukin 4 over interferon-gamma production. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1990; 57: 242–9.
- Kelleher AD, Al-Harthi L, Landay AL. Immunological effects of antiretroviral and immune therapies for HIV. AIDS 1997; 11 (Suppl A): S149–55.
- Imami N, Antonopoulos C, Hardy GA, Gazzard B, Gotch FM. Assessment of type 1 and type 2 cytokines in HIV type 1-infected individuals: impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1999; 15: 1799–808.
Two Case Reports of Symptomatic Visceral Leishmaniasis in AIDS Patients Concomitant with Immune Reconstitution due to Antiretroviral Therapy
Reprints and Corporate Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:
Academic Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:
If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.
Related research
People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.
Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.
Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.