Staphylococcus aureus skin/soft-tissue infections: The impact of SCCmec type and Panton-Valentine leukocidin

References

• Daum RS. Clinical practice. Skin and soft-tissue infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 380–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morreillon P, Que Y-A, Glauser MP. Staphylococcus aureus (including staphylococcal toxic shock). Principles and practice of infectious diseases6th edn, GL Mandell, JE Bennett, R Dolin. Elsevier, Philadelphia 2005; Vol 2: 2321–3
   Google Scholar
• Ruhe JJ, Smith N, Bradsher RW, Menon A. Community onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft-tissue infections: impact of antimicrobial therapy on outcome. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44: 777–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frazee BW, Lynn J, Charlebois ED, Lambert L, Lowery D, Perdreau-Remington F. High prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in emergency department skin and soft-tissue infections. Ann Emerg Med. 2005; 45: 311–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobsson G, Dashti S, Wahlberg T, Andersson R. The epidemiology of and risk factors for invasive Staphylococcus aureus infections in western Sweden. Scand J Infect Dis 2007; 39: 6–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King MD, Humphrey BJ, Wang YF, Kourbatova EV, Ray SM, Blumberg HM. Emergence of community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 clone as the predominant cause of skin and soft-tissue infections. Ann Intern Med 2006; 144: 309–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young DM, Harris HW, Charlebois ED, Chambers H, Campbell A, Perdreau-Remington F, et al. An epidemic of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus soft-tissue infections among medically underserved patients. Arch Surg 2004; 139: 947–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeBlanc DM, Reece EM, Horton JB, Janis JE. Increasing incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hand infections: a 3-y county hospital experience. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007; 119: 935–40
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee MC, Rios AM, Aten MF, Mejias A, Cavuoti D, McCracken GH, Jr, et al. Management and outcome of children with skin and soft-tissue abscesses caused by community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Ped Infect Dis J 2004; 23: 123–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rihn JA, Michaels MG, Harner CD. Community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an emerging problem in the athletic population. Am J Sports Med 2005; 33: 1924–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adler A, Temper V, Block CS, Abramson N, Moses AE. Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus. Emerg Infect Dis 2006; 12: 1789–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eady EA, Cove JH. Staphylococcal resistance revisited: community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an emerging problem for the management of skin and soft-tissue infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2003; 16: 103–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laibl VR, Sheffield JS, Roberts S, McIntire DD, Trevino S, Wendel GD, Jr. Clinical presentation of community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2005; 106: 461–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moran GJ, Krishnadasan A, Gorwitz RJ, Fosheim GE, McDougal LK, Carey RB, et al. EMERGENCY ID Net Study Group. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections among patients in the emergency department. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 666–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong CH, Tan SH, Kurup A, Tan AB. Recurrent necrotizing fasciitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Clinl Microbiol Infect Dis 2004; 23: 909–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carleton HA, Diep BA, Charlebois ED, Sensabaugh GF, Perdreau-Remington F. Community adapted methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): population dynamics of an expanding community reservoir of MRSA. J Infect Dis 2004; 190: 1730–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skiest DJ, Brown K, Cooper TW, Hoffman-Roberts H, Mussa HR, Elliott AC. Prospective comparison of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant community associated Staphylococcus aureus infections in hospitalized patients. J Infect 2007; 54: 427–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis SL, Rybak MJ, Amjad M, Kaatz GW, McKinnon PS. Characteristics of patients with healthcare associated infection due to SCCmec type IV methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Contr Hosp Epidemiol 2006; 27: 1025–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller LG, Quan C, Shay A, Mostafaie K, Bharadwa K, Tan N, et al. A prospective investigation of outcomes after hospital discharge for endemic, community acquired methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus skin infection. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44: 483–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller LG, Perdreau-Remington F, Bayer AS, Diep B, Tan N, Bharadwa K, et al. Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics cannot distinguish community associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection from methicillin-susceptible S. aureus infection: a prospective investigation. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44: 471–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhattacharya D, Carleton H, Tsai CJ, Baron EJ, Perdreau-Remington F. Differences in clinical and molecular characteristics of skin and soft-tissue methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates between 2 hospitals in northern California. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45: 1798–803
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chini V, Petinaki E, Foka A, Paratiras S, Dimitracopoulos G, Spiliopoulou I. Spread of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes during a 3-y period in Greece. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006; 12: 29–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diep BA, Sensabaugh GF, Somboona NS, Carleton HA, Perdreau-Remington F. Widespread skin and soft-tissue infections due to 2 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains harboring the genes for Panton-Valentine leucocidin. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42: 2080–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Issartel B, Tristan A, Lechevallier S, Bruyere F, Lina G, Garin B, et al. Frequent carriage of Panton-Valentine leucocidin genes by Staphylococcus aureus isolates from surgically drained abscesses. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 3203–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li GH, Zhang YY, Wang F, Chen YJ, Nord CE, Fang H. Emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene in Shanghai, China. Intl J Infect Dis 2006; 10: 482–3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Issartel B, Tristan A, Lechevallier S, Bruyere F, Lina G, Garin B, et al. Frequent carriage of Panton-Valentine leucocidin genes by Staphylococcus aureus isolates from surgically drained abscesses. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 3203–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Muller-Premru M, Strommenger B, Alikadic N, Witte W, Friedrich AW, Seme K, et al. New strains of community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with Panton-Valentine leukocidin causing an outbreak of severe soft-tissue infection in a football team. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2005; 24: 848–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Brien FG, Coombs GW, Pearson JC, Christiansen KJ, Grubb WB. Type V staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec in community staphylococci from Australia. Antimicrob Agents Chemotherapy 2005; 49: 5129–32
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wannet WJ, Spalburg E, Heck ME, Pluister GN, Tiemersma E, Willems RJ, et al. Emergence of virulent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains carrying Panton-Valentine leucocidin genes in the Netherlands. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 3341–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyle-Vavra S, Daum RS. Community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: the role of Panton-Valentine leukocidin. Lab Invest 2007; 87: 3–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tristan A, Bes M, Meugnier H, Lina G, Bozdogan B, Courvalin P, et al. Global distribution of Panton-Valentine leucocidin-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Emerg Infect Dis 2006; 13: 594–600
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuji BT, Rybak MJ, Cheung CM, Amjad M, Kaatz GW. Community- and health care-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a comparison of molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial activities of various agents. Diag Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 58: 41–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang K, McClure JA, Elsayed S, Louie T, Conly JM. Novel multiplex PCR assay for characterization and concomitant subtyping of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec types I to V in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 5026–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klevens RM, Morrison MA, Nadle J, Petit S, Gershman K, Ray S, et al. Invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in the United States. JAMA 2007; 298: 1763–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnsson D, Molling P, Stralin K, Soderquist B. Detection of Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene in Staphylococcus aureus by LightCycler PCR: clinical and epidemiological aspects. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 10: 884–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voyich JM, Otto M, Mathema B, Braughton KR, Whitney AR, Welty D, et al. Is Panton-Valentine leukocidin the major virulence determinant in community associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disease?. J Infect Dis 2006; 194: 1761–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson LB, Venugopal AA, Pawlak J, Saravolatz LD. Emergence of community associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection among patients with end-stage renal disease. Infect Contr Hosp Epidemiol 2006; 27: 1057–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faden, H, Rose, R, Lesse, A, Hollands, C, Dryja, D, Glick, PI. Clinical and molecular characteristics of staphylococcal skin abscesses in children. Abst 301. p. 110. 45th Annual Meeting Infect Dis Soc Am, 2007; San Diego, California.
   Google Scholar