Swedish guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis recommend overuse of transoesophageal echocardiography

References

• Westling K, Aufwerber E, Ekdahl C, Friman G, Gårdlund B, Julander I, et al., and Swedish guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis. Scand J Infect Dis 2007;39: 929–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fowler VG, Jr, Li J, Corey GR, Boley J, Marr KA, Gopal AK, et al. Role of echocardiography in evaluation of patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: experience in 103 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 30: 1072–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniel WG, Mügge A, Martin RP, Lindert O, Hausmann D, Nonnast-Daniel B, et al. Improvement in the diagnosis of abscesses associated with endocarditis by transoesophageal echocardiography. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 795–800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniel WG, Mügge A, Grote J, Hausmann D, Nikutta P, Laas J, et al. Comparison of transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography for detection of abnormalities of prosthetic and bioprosthetic valves in the mitral and aortic positions. Am J Cardiol 1993; 71: 210–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heidenreich PA, Masoudi FA, Maini B, Chou TM, Foster E, Schiller NB, Owens DK. Echocardiography in patients with suspected endocarditis: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Am J Med 1999; 107: 198–208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacob S, Tong AT. Role of echocardiography in the diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis. Curr Opin Cardiol 2002; 17: 478–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds HR, Jagen MA, Tunick PA, Kronzon I. Sensitivity of transthoracic versus transoesophageal echocardiography for the detection of native valve vegetations in the modern era. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2003; 16: 67–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chirillo F, Pedrocco A, De Leo A, Bruni A, Totis O, Meneghetti P, Stritoni P. Impact of harmonic imaging on transthoracic echocardiographic identification of infective endocarditis and its complications. Heart 2005; 91: 329–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullenberger AL, Avedissian LS, Kent SM. Importance of transoesophageal echocardiography in the evaluation of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. J Heart Valve Dis 2005; 14: 23–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humpl T, McCrindle BW, Smallhorn JF. The relative roles of transthoracic compared with transoesophageal echocardiography in children with suspected infective endocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 41: 2068–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horstkotte D, Follath F, Gutschik E, Lengyel M, Oto A, Pavie A, et al. Task Force Members on Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology; ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG); Document Reviewers. Guidelines on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis executive summary; the task force on infective endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2004; 25: 267–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, Fowler VG, Jr, Bolger AF, Levison ME, et al. Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease; Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; American Heart Association; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, American Heart Association: endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Circulation 2005; 111: 394–434
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Min JK, Spencer KT, Furlong KT, DeCara JM, Sugeng L, Ward RP, Lang RM. Clinical features of complications from transoesophageal echocardiography: a single-centre case series of 10,000 consecutive examinations. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2005; 18: 925–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniel WG, Erbel R, Kasper W, Visser CA, Engberding R, Sutherland GR, et al. Safety of transoesophageal echocardiography. A multicentre survey of 10,419 examinations. Circulation 1991; 83: 817–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsigrelis C, Weiner L. Methemoglobinaemia revisited: an important complication after transoesophageal echocardiography. Eur J Echocardiogr 2006; 7: 470–2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stoddard MF, Dawkins PR, Longaker RA. Mobile strands are frequently attached to the St. Jude Medical mitral valve prosthesis as assessed by 2-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography. Am Heart J 1992; 124: 671–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jaffe W, Figueredo VM. An example of Lambl's excrescences by transoesophageal echocardiograma commonly misinterpreted lesion. Echocardiography 2007; 24: 1086–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kuruppu JC, Corretti M, Mackowiak P, Roghmann MC. Overuse of transthoracic echocardiography in the diagnosis of native valve endocarditis. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162: 1715–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greaves K, Mou D, Patel A, Celermajer DS. Clinical criteria and the appropriate use of transthoracic echocardiography for the exclusion of infective endocarditis. Heart 2003; 89: 273–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindner JR, Case RA, Dent JM, Abbott RD, Scheld WM, Kaul S. Diagnostic value of echocardiography in suspected endocarditis. An evaluation based on the pretest probability of disease. Circulation 1996; 93: 730–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jassal DS, Aminbakhsh A, Fang T, Shaikh N, Embil JM, Mackenzie GS, Tam JW. Diagnostic value of harmonic transthoracic echocardiography in native valve infective endocarditis: comparison with transoesophageal echocardiography. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2007; 5: 20
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vieira ML, Grinberg M, Pomerantzeff PM, Andrade JL, Mansur AJ. Repeated echocardiographic examinations of patients with suspected infective endocarditis. Heart 2004; 90: 1020–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill EE, Herijgers P, Claus P, van der Schueren S, Peetermans WE, Herregods MC. Abscess in infective endocarditis: the value of transoesophageal echocardiography and outcome: a 5-y study. Am Heart J 2007; 154: 923–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar