398
Views
65
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Incidence and risk factors of infection in a single cohort of 110 adults with systemic lupus erythematosus

, , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 268-274 | Received 22 Oct 2008, Published online: 08 Jul 2009

References

  • Pryor BD, Bologna SG, Kahl LE. Risk factors for serious infection during treatment with cyclophosphamide and high-dose corticosteroids for systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1996; 39: 1475–82
  • Iliopoulos AG, Tsokos GC. Immunopathogenesis and spectrum of infections in systemic lupus erythematosus. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1996; 25: 318–36
  • Petri M, Genovese M. Incidence of and risk factors for hospitalizations in systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective study of the Hopkins Lupus Cohort. J Rheumatol 1992; 19: 1559–65
  • Nived O, Sturfelt G, Wollheim F. Systemic lupus erythematosus and infection: a controlled and prospective study including an epidemiological group. Q J Med 1985; 55: 271–87
  • Petri M. Infection in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1998; 24: 423–56
  • Zonana-Nacach A, Camargo-Coronel A, Yanez P, Sanchez L, Jimenez-Balderas FJ, Fraga A. Infections in outpatients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective study. Lupus 2001; 10: 505–10
  • Paton NI, Cheong IK, Kong NC, Segasothy M. Risk factors for infection in Malaysian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. QJM 1996; 89: 531–8
  • Duffy KN, Duffy CM, Gladman DD. Infection and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: a review of hospitalized patients. J Rheumatol 1991; 18: 1180–4
  • Al-Rayes H, Al-Swailem R, Arfin M, Sobki S, Rizvi S, Tariq M. Systemic lupus erythematosus and infections: a retrospective study in Saudis. Lupus 2007; 16: 755–63
  • Tan EM, Cohen AS, Fries JF, Masi AT, McShane DJ, Rothfield NF, et al. The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1982; 25: 1271–7
  • Bombardier C, Gladman DD, Urowitz MB, Caron D, Chang CH. Derivation of the SLEDAI. A disease activity index for lupus patients. The Committee on Prognosis Studies in SLE. Arthritis Rheum 1992; 35: 630–40
  • Stuck AE, Minder CE, Frey FJ. Risk of infectious complications in patients taking glucocorticosteroids. Rev Infect Dis 1989; 11: 954–63
  • Breslow NE, Day NE. Statistical methods in cancer research. Volume II–The design and analysis of cohort studies. IARC Sci Publ 1987:1–406.
  • Ward MM, Pyun E, Studenski S. Long-term survival in systemic lupus erythematosus. Patient characteristics associated with poorer outcomes. Arthritis Rheum 1995; 38: 274–83
  • Jonsson H, Nived O, Sturfelt G. Outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective study of patients from a defined population. Medicine (Baltimore) 1989; 68: 141–50
  • Yacoub Wasef SZ. Gender differences in systemic lupus erythematosus. Gend Med 2004; 1: 12–7
  • McCarty DJ, Manzi S, Medsger TA, Jr, Ramsey-Goldman R, LaPorte RE, Kwoh CK. Incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus. Race and gender differences. Arthritis Rheum 1995; 38: 1260–70
  • Mok CC, Ho CT, Wong RW, Lau CS. Damage accrual in southern Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2003; 30: 1513–9
  • Cervera R, Khamashta MA, Font J, Sebastiani GD, Gil A, Lavilla P, et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical and immunologic patterns of disease expression in a cohort of 1000 patients. The European Working Party on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Medicine (Baltimore) 1993; 72: 113–24
  • Bernatsky S, Boivin JF, Joseph L, Manzi S, Ginzler E, Gladman DD, et al. Mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54: 2550–7
  • Mok CC, To CH, Ho LY, Yu KL. Incidence and mortality of systemic lupus erythematosus in a southern Chinese population, 2000–2006. J Rheumatol 2008; 35: 1978–82
  • Gladman DD, Hussain F, Ibanez D, Urowitz MB. The nature and outcome of infection in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2002; 11: 234–9
  • Conti F, Rezai S, Valesini G. Vaccination and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2008; 8: 124–8
  • Nusinow SR, Zuraw BL, Curd JG. The hereditary and acquired deficiencies of complement. Med Clin North Am 1985; 69: 487–504
  • Sjoholm AG, Jonsson G, Braconier JH, Sturfelt G, Truedsson L. Complement deficiency and disease: an update. Mol Immunol 2006; 43: 78–85
  • Carroll MC. A protective role for innate immunity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Rev Immunol 2004; 4: 825–31
  • Nettis E, Colanardi MC, Loria MP, Vacca A. Acquired C1-inhibitor deficiency in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report and review of the literature. Eur J Clin Invest 2005; 35: 781–4
  • Lee PP, Lee TL, Ho MH, Wong WH, Lau YL. Recurrent major infections in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a close link with long-term disease damage. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2007; 46: 1290–6

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.