14
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) Infection in Randomly Selected Population of Ilam Province (Iran)

Pages 473-476 | Published online: 08 Jul 2009

References

  • Konowalchuck J, Speire JI, Stavric S. Vero response to a cytotoxin of Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 1977; 18: 775–9.
  • O’Brien AD, LaVeck GD, Thompson MR, Formal SB. Production of shigella dysenteriae type 1-like cytotoxin by Escherichia coli. J Infect Dis 1982; 146: 763–9.
  • Karmali MA, Petric M, Lim C, Fleming PC, Arbus GS, Lior H. The association between idiopathic hemolytic uremic syndrome and infection by verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli. J Infect Dis 1985; 151: 775–82.
  • Karmali MA, Steele BT, Petric M, Lim C. Sporadic cases of Haemolytic-Uraemic Syndrome associated with fecal cytotoxin and cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in stool. Lancet 1983; 1: 619–20.
  • Johnson WM, Lior H, Bezanson GS. Cytotoxic Escherichia coli O157: H7 associated with haemorrhagic colitis in Canada. Lancet 1983; 1: 76.
  • O’Brien AD, Lively TA, Chen ME, Rothman SW, Formal SB. Escherichia coli O157: H7 strains associated with haemorrhagic colitis in the United States produce a shigella dysenteriae 1 (shig)-like cytotoxin. Lancet 1983; 1: 702.
  • Pai CH, Gordon R, Sims HY, Bryan LE. Sporadic cases of hemorragic colitis associated with Escherichia coli O157: H7. Ann Intern Med 1984; 101: 738–42.
  • Railey LW, Remis RS, Helgersen SD, McGee HB, Wells JG, Davis BR, Hebert RJ, Olcott ES, Johnson LM, Hargrett NT, Blake PA, Conen ES. Hemorrhagic colitis associated with a rare Escherichia coli serotype. N Engl J Med 1983; 308: 681–5.
  • Griffin PM, Tauxe RV. The epidemiology of infections caused by Escherichia coli O157: H7, other enterohemorrhagic E. coli, and the associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. Epidemiol Rev 1991; 13: 60–98.
  • Thomas A, Cheasty T, Frost JA, Chart H, Smith HR, Rowe B. Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli particularly O157: H7, associated with human infection in England and Wales: 1992–4. Epidemiol Infect 1996; 117: 1–10.
  • Keene WE, Hedberg K, Herriott DE, Hancock DD, Mckay RW, Barrett J, Felming DW. A prolonged outbreak of Escherichia coli O157: H7 infection caused by commercially distributed raw milk. J Infect Dis 1997; 176: 815–8.
  • Katouli M, Pachenary A, Ketabi GR. Vero cytotoxin production and Hela cell adherence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli of infantile diarrhoea in Iran. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1989; 59: 177–80.
  • Balows A, Hausler WJ, Herrmann DL, Isenberg HD, Shadomy HJ. Manual of clinical microbiology. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1991.
  • Kleanthous H, Frg NK, Smith HR, Gross RI, Rowe B. The use of sorbitol–MacConkey agar in conjunction with antiserum for the detection of vero cytotoxin-producing strains of Escherichia coli O157: H7. Epidemiol Infect 1988; 101: 327–35.
  • Ewing WH. Edward and Ewing’s Identification of Enterobacteriaceae. 4th ed. New York: Elsevier Science Publishing, Inc., 1986.
  • Baron EJ, Finegold M. Diagnostic microbiology. Toronto, ON: C. V. Mosby, 1990.
  • Karmali MA, Petric M, Lim C, Cheung R, Arbus GJ. Sensitive method for detecting low numbers of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in mixed cultures by use of colony sweeps and polymyxin extraction of verotoxion. J Clin Microbiol 1985; 22: 614–9.
  • Yamasaki S, Furutani M, Ito K, Igarashi K, Nishibuchi M, Takeda Y. Importance of arginine at position 170 of the subunit of vero toxin 1 produced by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli for toxin activity. Microb Pathog 1991; 11: 1–9.
  • Yutsudo T, Kurazono H, Sasakawa C, Yoshikawa M, Iwaya M, Takeda T, Takeda Y. Cloning of a verotoxin (VT2) gene from a VT-converting phage isolated from Escherichia coli O157: H7. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1987; 48: 273–6.
  • Gentry MK, Dalrymple JM. Quantative microtiter cytotoxicity assay for shigella toxin. J Clin Microbiol 1980; 12: 361–6.
  • Dean AG, Ching YC, Williams RG, Harden LB. Test for Escherichia coli enterotoxin using infant mice: application in a study of diarrhoea in children in Honolulu. J Infect Dis 1972; 125: 407–11.
  • Payne SM, Finkelstein RA. Detection and differentiation of iron-responsive avirulent mutants on Congo red agar. Infect Immun 1977; 18: 94–8.
  • Pai CH, Ahmed N, Lior H, Johnson WM, Sims HV, Wood DE’. Epidemiology of sporadic diarrhoea due to verotoxinproducing Escherichia coli: two-year prospective study. J Infect Dis 1988; 157: 1054–1057.
  • Wilson JB, Clarke RC, Renwick SA, Rahn K, Johnson RP, Karmali MA, Lior H, Alves D, Gyles CL, Sandhu KS, McEwen SA, Spika JS. Vero cytotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in dairy farm families. J Infect Dis 1996; 174: 1021–7.
  • Cohoon FE, Thompson JS’. Frequency of Escherichia coli O157: H7 isolation from stool specimens. Can J Microbiol 1987; 33: 914–915.
  • Tamura K, Sakazaki R, Murase M, Kosakoy Y. Serotyping and categorization of Escherichia coli strains isolated between 1958–1992 from diarrhoeal disease in Asia. J Med Microbiol 1996; 45: 353–358.
  • Cobeljic M, Lepsanovic Z, Velimirovic S. Infrequent finding of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in diarrhoeal stools in Belgrade, Serbia. Scand J Infect Dis 1995; 27: 427–8.
  • Blanco M, Blanco JE, Blanco J, Gonzalez EA, Alonso MP, Maas H, Jansen WH. Prevalence and characteristics of human and bovine verotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains isolated in Galicia (north-western Spain). Eur J Epidemiol. 1996; 12: 13–9.
  • Reymond D, Johnson RP, Karmali MA, Petric M, Winkler M, Johnson S, Rahn K, Renwick S, Wilson J, Clarke RC, Spika J. Neutralizing antibodies to Escherichia coli vero cytotoxin 1 and antibodies to O157: H7 lipopolysaccharides in healthy farm family members and urban residents. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34: 2035–7.
  • Bouzari S, Vatsala BR, Varghese A. Characterization of verotoxin-producing strains of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) from children with diarrhorea: effects of the toxin on rabbit intestine. Med J Islamic Rep Iran 1994; 8: 47–51.
  • Scotland SM, Willshaw GA, Smith HR, Rowe B. Properties of strains of Escherichia coli belonging to serotype O157: H7 with special reference to production of vero cytotoxins VT1 and VT2. Epidemiol Infect. 1987; 99: 613–24.
  • Tyler SD, Johnson WM, Lior H, Wang G, Rose KR. Identification of verotoxin type 2 variant B subunit genes in Escherichia coli by the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29: 1334–9.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.