13
Views
26
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Immunoserologic Evidence of Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis in Danish Patients with Lyme Neuroborreliosis

Pages 173-176 | Published online: 08 Jul 2009

References

  • Rikihisa Y. The tribe Ehrlichieae and Ehrlichial diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev 1991; 4: 286–308.
  • Fukuda T, Keida Y, Kitao T. Studies on causative agent of ‘Hyuga netsu’ disease. Med Biol 1954; 23: 200–5.
  • Maeda K, Markowitz N, Hawley RC, Ristic M, Cox D, McDade JE. Human infection with Ehrlichia canis, a leukocytic rickettsia. N Engl J Med 1987; 316: 853–6.
  • Walker D, Dumler SJ. Emergence of ehrlichiosis as a human problem. Emerg Infect Dis 1996; 2: 18–29.
  • Morais JD, Dawson JE, Green C, Filipe AR, Galhardas LC, Bacellar F. First European case of Ehrlichiosis. Lancet 1991; 338: 633–4.
  • Bakken JS, Dumler JS, Chen S-M, Eckman MR, Van Etta LL, Walker DH. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in the United States: A new species emerging? JAMA 1994; 272: 212–8.
  • Bakken JS, Krueth J, Wilson-Nordskog C, Tilden RL, Asanovich K, Dumler JS. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis. JAMA 1996; 275: 199205.
  • Goodman JL, Nelson C, Vitale B, Madigan JE, Dumler JS, Kurtti TJ, Munderlohn UG. Direct cultivation of the causative agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 209–15.
  • Dumler JS, Bakken JS. Ehrlichial diseases in humans: Emerging tick-borne infections. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 20: 1102–10.
  • Petrovec M, Lotric-Furlan S, Zupanc TA, Strle F, Brouqui P, Roux V, Dumler JS. Human disease in Europe caused by a granulocytic Ehrlichia species. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35: 1556–9.
  • Pancholi P, Kolbert CP, Mitchell PD, Reed KD, Dumler JS, Bakken JS, Telford III SJ, Persing DH. Ixodes dammini (scapularis) as a potential vector of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. J Infect Dis 1995; 172: 1007–12.
  • von Stedingk LV, Gürtelschmid M, Hanson HS, Gustafson R, Dotevall L, Olssson Engvall E, Granström M. The human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) agent in Swedish ticks. Clin Microbiol Infect 1997; 3: 573–4.
  • Mather TN, Mather ME. Intrinsic competence of three Ixodes ticks (Ascari) as vectors of the Lyme disease spirochete. J Med Entomology 1990; 27: 646–50.
  • Duffy J, Pittlekow MR, Kolbert CP, Rutledge BJ, Persing DH. Coinfection with Borrelia burgdorferi and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Lancet 1997; 349: 399.
  • Nadelman RB, Horowitz HW, Hsieh TC, Wu JM, Aquero-Rosenfeld ME, Schwartz I, et al. Simultaneous human granulocytic ehrlichiosis and Lyme borreliosis. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 27–30.
  • Hansen K, Lebech AM. The clinical and epidemiological profile of Lyme neuroborreliosis in Denmark 1985–1990: a prospective study of 187 patients with Borrelia burgdorferi specific intrathecal antibody production. Brain 1992; 115: 399423.
  • Hansen K, Hindersson P, Pedersen NS. Measurement of antibodies to the Borrelia burgdorferi flagellum improves serodiagnosis in Lyme disease. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26: 338–46.
  • Hansen K, Pii K, Lebech AM. Improved immunoglobulin M serodiagnosis in Lyme borreliosis by using a μ-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with biotinylated Borrelia burgdorferi flagella. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29: 166–73.
  • Hansen K, Lebech AM. Lyme neuroborreliosis: a new sensitive diagnostic assay for intrathecal synthesis of Borrelia burgdorferi specific immunoglobulin G, A, and M. Ann Neurol 1991; 30: 197–205.
  • Telford III SR, Dawson JE, Katavolos P, Warner CK, Kolbert CP, Persing DH. Perpetuation of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in a deer tick-rodent cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci. USA 1996; 93: 6209–14.
  • Foggie A. Studies on the infectious agent of tick-borne fever in sheep. J Pathol Bacteriol 1951; 63: 1–15.
  • Olsson Engvall E, Pettersson B, Persson M, Artursson K, Johansson KE. A 16S rRNA-based PCR assay for detection and identification of granulocytic Ehrlichia species in dogs, horses and cattle. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34: 2170–4.
  • Mitchell PD, Reed KD, Hofes JM. Immunoserologic evidence of co-infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, Babesia microti, a human granulocytic Ehrlichia species in residents in Wisconsin and Minnesota. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34: 724–7.
  • Brouqui P, Dumler JS, Lienhard R, Brossard M, Raoult D. Human granulocytic ehrliosis in Europe. Lancet 1995; 346: 782.
  • Sumption KJ, Wright DJM, Cutler SJ, Dale BAS. Human ehrlichiosis in the UK. Lancet 1995; 346: 1487.
  • Dumler JS, Dotevall L, Gustafson R, Granström M. A population-based seroepidemiological study of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) and Lyme borreliosis (LB) on the west coast of Sweden. J Infect Dis 1997; 175: 720–2.
  • Bakken JS, Krueth J, Tilden JL, Dumler JS, Kristiansen BE. Serological evidence of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Norway. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1996; 15: 829–32.
  • Magnarelli LA, Dumler JS, Anderson JF, Johnson RC, Frikrig E. Coexistence of antibodies to tick-borne pathogens of Babesiosis, Ehrlichiosis and Lyme borreliosis in human sera. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 3054–7.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.