9
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Transmission of a Minor Variant of Transcriptionally Active HIV-1

Pages 243-249 | Published online: 08 Jul 2009

  • Clark SJ, Saag MS, Decker WD, Campbell-Hill S, Roberson JL, Veldkamp PJ, Kappes JC, Hahn BH, Shaw GM. High titers of cytopathic virus in plasma of patients with symptomatic primary HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 954–60.
  • Daar ES, Moudgil T, Meyer RD, Ho DD. Transient high levels of viremia in patients with primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 961–4.
  • Nixon DF, Brolinden K, Ogg G, Brolinden PA. Cellular and humoral antigenic epitopes in HIV and SIV. Immunology 1992; 76: 515–34.
  • Tindall B, Cooper DA. Primary HIV infection: host responses and intervention strategies. AIDS 1991; 5: 1–14.
  • Alizon M, Wain-hobson S, Montagnier L, Sonigo P. Genetic variability of the AIDS virus: nucleotide sequence analysis of two isolates from African patients. Cell 1986; 46: 63–74.
  • Myers G, Korber B, Berzofsky JA, Smith RF, Pavlakis GN. Human retroviruses and AIDS. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 1991.
  • Balfe P, Simmonds P, Ludlam C, Bishop J, Brown AJL. Concurrent evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in patients infected from the same source: rate of sequence change and low frequency of inactivating mutations. J Virol 1990; 64: 6221–33.
  • McNearney T, Westervelt P, Thielan BJ, Trowbridge DB, Garcia J, Whittier R, Ratner L. Limited sequence heterogeneity among biologically distinct human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from individuals involved in a clustered infectious outbreak. PNAS 1990; 87: 1917–21.
  • Hahn B, Shaw GM, Taylor ME, Redfield RR, Markham PH, Salahuddin SZ, Wong-Staal F, Gallo RC, Parks ES, Parks WP. Genetic variation in HTLV-III/LAV over time in patients with AIDS or at risk for AIDS. Science 1986; 232: 1548–53.
  • Saag MS, Hahn BH, Gibbons J, Li Y, Parks ES, Parks WP, Shaw GM. Extensive variation of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 in vivo. Nature 1988; 334: 440–4.
  • Cornelissen M, Mulder-Kampinga G, Veenstra J, Zorgdrager F, Kuiken C, Hartman S, Dekker J, van der Hoek L, Sol C, Coutinho R, Goudsmit J. Syncutium-Inducing (SI) phenotype suppression at seroconversion after intramuscular inoculation of a Non-Syncytium Inducing/SI phenotypically mixed Human Immunodeficiency Virus population. J Virol 1995; 69: 1810–8.
  • McNearney T, Hornickova Z, Markham R, Birdwell A, Arens M, Saah A, Ratmer L. Relationship of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 sequence heterogeneity to stage of disease. PNAS 1992; 89: 10247–51.
  • Wolfs TFW, Zwart G, Bakker M, Goudsmit G. HIV-1 genomic RNA diversification following sexual and parenteral virus transmission. Virol 1992; 189: 103–10.
  • Holmes EC, Zhang LQ, Simmonds P, Ludlam CA, Brown AL. Convergent and divergent sequence evolution in the surface envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 within a single infected patient. PNAS 1992; 89: 4835–9.
  • Sattentau QJ, Moore JP. Conformational changes induced in the human immuno-deficiency virus envelope glycoprotein by soluble CD4 binding. J Exp Med 1991; 174: 407–15.
  • Simmonds P, Zhang LQ, McOmish F, Balfe P, Ludlam CA, Brown AJL. Discontinuous sequence change of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 env sequences in plasma viral and lymphocyteassociated proviral populations in vivo: implications for models of HIV pathogenesis. J Virol 1991; 65: 6266–76.
  • Zhang LQ, MacKenzie P, Cleland A, Holmes EC, Brown AJL, Simmonds P. Selection for specific sequences in the external envelope protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 upon primary infection. J Virol 1993; 67: 3345–56.
  • Zhu T, Mo H, Wang N, Nam DS, Cao Y, Koup RA, Ho DD. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of HIV-1 in patients with primary infection. Science 1993; 261: 1179–81.
  • Folks TM, Powell D, Lightfoote M, Koenig S, Fauci AS, Benn S, Rabson A, Daugherty D, Gendelman HE, Hoggan MD, Venkatesan S, Martin MA. Biological and biochemical characterization of a cloned Leu-3-cell surviving infection with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome retrovirus. J Exp Med 1986; 164: 280–90.
  • Nielsen C, Nielsen CM, Pedersen JL, Gøtzsche PC, Pedersen C, Arendrup M, Vestergaard BF. Isolation of HIV from cultures of purified CD4+ lymphocytes. J Virol Meth 1991; 35: 15–25.
  • Holmbäck K, Kusk P, Hulgaard EF, Bugge TH, Scheibel E, Lindhardt BØ. Autologous antibody response against the principal neutralizing domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolated from infected humans. J Virol 1993; 67: 1612–9.
  • Valentin A, Von Gegerfelt A, Matsuda S, Nielson K, Åsjö B. In vitro maturation of mononuclear phagocytes and suseptebility to HIV-1 infection. J Acq imm Def Syn 1991; 4: 751–9.
  • Schønning K, Nielsen C, Iversen J, Nielsen JO, Hansen JES. Neutralizing antibodies in slowly progressing HIV-1 infection. J Acq Imm Def Syn 1995; 10: 400–7.
  • Leitner T, Escanilla D, Marquina S, Wahlberg J, Broström C, Hansson HB, Uhlén M, Albert J. Biological and molecular characterization of subtype D, G and A/D recombinant HIV-1 transmissions in Sweden. Virology 1995; 209: 136–46.
  • Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T. Molecular cloning, a laboratory manual, 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989.
  • Leitner T, Korovina G, Marquina S, Smolskaya T, Albert J. Molecular epidemiology and MT-2 cell tropisme of Russian HIV type I variants. AIDS Res Hum Retro 1995; 12: 1595–603.
  • Zhu T, Wang N, Carr A, Nam DS, Moor-Jankowski R, Cooper DA, Ho DD. Genetic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in blood and genital secretions: evidence for viral compartmentalization and selection during sexual transmission. J Virol 1996; 70: 3098–107.
  • de Jong JJ, Goudsmit J, Keulen W, Klaver B, Krone W, Tersmette M, de Rode A. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clones chimeric for the envelope V3 domain differ in syncytium formation and replication capacity. J Virol 1992; 66: 757–65.
  • Fouchier RAM, Groenink M, Kootstra NA, Tersmette M, Huisman HG, Miedema F, Schuitemaker H. Phenotype-associated sequence variation in the third variable domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 molecule. J Virol 1992; 66: 3183–30.
  • Pellegrin I, Legrand E, Neau D, Bonot P, Masquelier B, Pellegrin J, Ragnaud J, Bernard N, Fleury HJA. Kinetics of apprearence of neutralizing antibodies in 12 patients with primary or recent HIV-1 infection and relationship with plasma and cellular viral loads. J Acq Imm Def Syn 1996; 11: 438–47.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.