- Stevens CE, Neurath RA, Beasley RP, Szmuness W. HBeAg and anti-HBe detection by radioimmunoassay: correlation with vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus in Taiwan. J Med Virol 1979; 3: 237–41.
- Milich DR, Jones JE, Hughes JL, Price J, Raney AK, McLachlan A. Is a function of the secreted hepatitis B e antigen to induce immunologic tolerance in utero? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87: 6599–603.
- Lok AS. Natural history and control of perinatally acquired hepatitis B virus infection. Dig Dis 1992; 10: 46–52.
- Bortolotti F, Cadrobbi P, Crivellaro C, Guido M, Rugge M, Noventa F, et al. Long-term outcome of chronic type B hepatitis in patients who acquire hepatitis B virus infection in childhood. Gastroenterology 1990; 99: 805–10.
- Hsu HY, Chang MH, Lee CY, Chen JS, Hsu HC, Chen DS. Spontaneous loss of HBsAg in children with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 1992; 15: 382–6.
- Ruiz Moreno M, Camps T, Aguado JG, Porres JC, Oliva H, Bartolome J, et al. Serological and histological follow up of chronic hepatitis B infection. Arch Dis Child 1989; 64: 1165–9.
- Lindh M, Furuta Y, Ljunggren KK, Norkrans G, Horal P. Detection of hepatitis B virus precore TAG mutant by an amplification-created restriction site method. J Infect Dis 1995; 171: 194–7.
- Lindh M, Gonzalez JE, Norkrans G, Horal P. Genotyping of hepatitis B virus by restriction pattern analysis of a pre-S amplicon. J Virol Methods 1998; 72: 163–74.
- Lindh M, Norkrans G, Stenqvist K, Eriksson K, Taranger J. Hepatitis B carriers in Sweden – effects of immigration. Scand J Infect Dis 1993; 25: 411–6.
- Shapiro CN, McCaig LF, Gensheimer KF, Levy ME, Stoddard JJ, Kane MA, et al. Hepatitis B virus transmission between children in day care. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1989; 8: 870–5.
- Sangfelt P, Reichard O, Lidman K, von Sydow M, Forsgren M. Prevention of hepatitis B by immunization of the newborn infant – a long-term follow-up study in Stockholm, Sweden. Scand J Infect Dis 1995; 27: 3–7.
- Lindh M, Andersson AS, Gusdal A. Genotypes, nt 1858 variants, and geographic origin of hepatitis B virus – large-scale analysis using a new genotyping method. J Infect Dis 1997; 175: 1285–93.
- Norder H, Hammas B, Lee SD, Bile K, Courouce AM, Mushahwar IK, Magnius LO. Genetic relatedness of hepatitis B viral strains of diverse geographical origin and natural variations in the primary structure of the surface antigen. J Gen Virol 1993; 74: 1341–8.
- Jelic O, Jelic D, Balen I, Jelic A, Jelic N, Mihaljevic I. Prevalence of markers of hepatitis B virus infection among the general population of the municipality of Slavonski Brod. Acta Med Croatica 1994; 48: 111–6.
- Haukenes G, Brinchmann-Hansen K, Macovei O. Prevalence of hepatitis B and C and HIV antibodies in children in a Romanian orphanage. APMIS 1992; 100: 757–61.
- Kuru U, Senli S, Turel L, Kuru N, Baskent A, Ulucakli O. Age-specific seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection. Turk J Pediatr 1995; 37: 331–8.
- Bile K, Mohamud O, Aden C, Isse A, Norder H, Nilsson L, Magnius L. The risk for hepatitis A, B, and C at two institutions for children in Somalia with different socioeconomic conditions. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1992; 47: 357–64.
- Yao GB. Importance of perinatal versus horizontal transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in China. Gut 1996; 38 Suppl 2: S39–42.
Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases
Volume 31, 1999 - Issue 2