Laparoscopic pelvic lymph-node dissection in prostate cancer before external beam radiotherapy: Risk factors of nodal involvement and relapse following intended curative treatment

References

• Trojan L, Kiknavelidze K, Knoll T, Alken P, Michel MS. Prostate cancer therapy: standard management, new options and experimental approaches. Anticancer Res 2005; 25: 551–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee AK. Radiation therapy combined with hormone therapy for prostate cancer. Semin Radiat Oncol 2006; 16: 20–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishoff JT, Reyes A, Thompson IM, Harris MJ, St Clair SR, Gomella L, et al. Pelvic lymphadenectomy can be omitted in selected patients with carcinoma of the prostate: development of a system of patient selection. Urology 1995; 45: 270–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerber GS, Bales GT, Gornik HL, Haraf DJ, Chodak GW, Rukstalis DB. Treatment of prostate cancer using external beam radiotherapy after laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection. Br J Urol 1996; 77: 870–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Conrad S, Graefen M, Pichlmeier U, Henke RP, Erbersdobler A, Hammerer PG, et al. Prospective validation of an algorithm with systematic sextant biopsy to predict pelvic lymph node metastasis in patients with clinically localized prostatic carcinoma. J Urol 2002; 167: 521–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steiner MS, Marshall FF. Mini-laparotomy staging pelvic lymphadenectomy (minilap). Alternative to standard and laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy. Urology 1993; 41: 201–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuessler WW, Vancaillie TG, Reich H, Griffith DP. Transperitoneal endosurgical lymphadenectomy in patients with localized prostate cancer. J Urol 1991; 145: 988–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobin LH, Wittekind CE. International Union Against Cancer, TNM classification of malignant tumours5th ed. Wiley-Liss, New York 1997
   Google Scholar
• Roach M III, Hanks G, Thames H, Jr, Schellhammer P, Shipley WU, Sokol GH, et al. Defining biochemical failure following radiotherapy with or without hormonal therapy in men with clinically localized prostate cancer: recommendations of the RTOG-ASTRO Phoenix Consensus Conference. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006; 65: 965–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parkin J, Keeley FX, Jr, Timoney AG. Laparoscopic lymph node sampling in locally advanced prostate cancer. BJU Int 2002; 89: 14–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang GS, Ruckle HC, Hadley HR, Lui PD, Stewart SC. One hundred consecutive laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissections: comparing complications of the first 50 cases to the second 50 cases. Urology 1994; 44: 221–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavoussi LR, Sosa E, Chandhoke P, Chodak G, Clayman RV, Hadley HR, et al. Complications of laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection. J Urol 1993; 149: 322–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuessler WW, Pharand D, Vancaillie TG. Laparoscopic standard pelvic node dissection for carcinoma of the prostate: is it accurate?. J Urol 1993; 150: 898–901
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raboy A, Adler H, Albert P. Extraperitoneal endoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection: a review of 125 patients. J Urol 1997; 158: 2202–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone NN, Stock RG, Unger P. Laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection for prostate cancer: comparison of the extended and modified techniques. J Urol 1997; 158: 1891–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson BA, Hamdy FC. State-of-the-art staging in prostate cancer. BJU Int 2001; 87: 423–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burkhard FC, Schumacher M, Studer UE. The role of lymphadenectomy in prostate cancer. Nat Clin Pract Urol 2005; 2: 336–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Conrad S, Graefen M, Pichlmeier U, Henke RP, Hammerer PG, Huland H. Systematic sextant biopsies improve preoperative prediction of pelvic lymph node metastases in patients with clinically localized prostatic carcinoma. J Urol 1998; 159: 2023–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Partin AW, Kattan MW, Subong EN, Walsh PC, Wojno KJ, Oesterling JE, et al. Combination of prostate-specific antigen, clinical stage, and Gleason score to predict pathological stage of localized prostate cancer. A multi-institutional update. JAMA 1997; 277: 1445–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alagiri M, Colton MD, Seidmon EJ, Greenberg RE, Hanno PM. The staging pelvic lymphadenectomy: implications as an adjunctive procedure for clinically localized prostate cancer. Br J Urol 1997; 80: 243–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ackerman DA, Barry JM, Wicklund RA, Olson N, Lowe BA. Analysis of risk factors associated with prostate cancer extension to the surgical margin and pelvic node metastasis at radical prostatectomy. J Urol 1993; 150: 1845–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• San F I, DeWolf WC, Rosen S, Upton M, Olumi AF. Extended prostate needle biopsy improves concordance of Gleason grading between prostate needle biopsy and radical prostatectomy. J Urol 2003; 169: 136–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zelefsky MJ, Lyass O, Fuks Z, Wolfe T, Burman C, Ling CC, et al. Predictors of improved outcome for patients with localized prostate cancer treated with neoadjuvant androgen ablation therapy and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16: 3380–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pisansky TM, Kahn MJ, Rasp GM, Cha SS, Haddock MG, Bostwick DG. A multiple prognostic index predictive of disease outcome after irradiation for clinically localized prostate carcinoma. Cancer 1997; 79: 337–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray ME, Thames HD, Levy LB, Horwitz EM, Kupelian PA, Martinez AA, et al. PSA nadir predicts biochemical and distant failures after external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer: a multi-institutional analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006; 64: 1140–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavanaugh SX, Kupelian PA, Fuller CD, Reddy C, Bradshaw P, Pollock BH, et al. Early prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics following prostate carcinoma radiotherapy: prognostic value of a time-and-PSA threshold model. Cancer 2004; 101: 96–105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bader P, Burkhard FC, Markwalder R, Studer UE. Disease progression and survival of patients with positive lymph nodes after radical prostatectomy. Is there a chance of cure?. J Urol 2003; 169: 849–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malmstrom PU. Lymph node staging in prostatic carcinoma revisited. Acta Oncol 2005; 44: 593–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burkhard FC, Bader P, Schneider E, Markwalder R, Studer UE. Reliability of preoperative values to determine the need for lymphadenectomy in patients with prostate cancer and meticulous lymph node dissection. Eur Urol 2002; 42: 84–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heidenreich A, Varga Z, Von KR. Extended pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy: high incidence of lymph node metastasis. J Urol 2002; 167: 1681–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boorjian SA, Thompson RH, Siddiqui S, Bagniewski S, Bergstralh EJ, Karnes RJ, et al. Long-term outcome after radical prostatectomy for patients with lymph node positive prostate cancer in the prostate specific antigen era. J Urol 2007; 178: 864–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar