References
- Foxman B, Brown P. Epidemiology of urinary tract infections: transmission and risk factors, incidence, and costs. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2003; 17: 227–41
- Chomarat M. Resistance of bacteria in urinary tract infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2000; 16: 483–7
- Mobley HL. Virulence of the two primary uropathogens. AMS News 2000; 66: 403–10
- Sussman M, Gally DL. The biology of cystitis: host and bacterial factors. Annu Rev Med 1999; 50: 149–58
- Schneider G, Dobrindt U, Bruggemann H, Nagy G, Janke B, Blum-Oehler G, et al. The pathogenicity island-associated K15 capsule determinant exhibits a novel genetic structure and correlates with virulence in uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain 536. Infect Immun 2004; 72: 5993–6001
- Kurazono H, Nakano M, Yamamoto S, Ogawa O, Yuri K, Nakata K, et al. Distribution of the usp gene in uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from companion animals and correlation with serotypes and size-variations of the pathogenicity island. Microbiol Immunol 2003; 47: 797–802
- Bauer RJ, Zhang L, Foxman B, Siitonen A, Jantunen ME, Saxen H, et al. Molecular epidemiology of 3 putative virulence genes for Escherichia coli urinary tract infection–usp, iha, and iroN (E. coli). J Infect Dis 2002; 185: 1521–4
- Kanamaru S, Kurazono H, Ishitoya S, Terai A, Habuchi T, Nakano M, et al. Distribution and genetic association of putative uropathogenic virulence factors iroN, iha, kpsMT, ompT and usp in Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections in Japan. J Urol 2003; 170: 2490–3
- Russo TA, Carlino UB, Johnson JR. Identification of a new iron-regulated virulence gene, ireA, in an extraintestinal pathogenic isolate of Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 2001; 69: 6209–16
- Freitag T, Squires RA, Schmid J, Elliott J. Feline uropathogenic Escherichia coli from Great Britain and New Zealand have dissimilar virulence factor genotypes. Vet Microbiol 2005; 106: 79–86
- Huppertz HI, Rutkowski S, Aleksic S, Karch H. Acute and chronic diarrhoea and abdominal colic associated with enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in young children living in western Europe. Lancet 1997; 349: 1660–2
- Elias WP, Uber AP, Tomita SK, Trabulsi LR, Gomes TA. Combinations of putative virulence markers in typical and variant enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains from children with and without diarrhoea. Epidemiol Infect 2002; 129: 49–55
- Kahali S, Sarkar B, Rajendran K, Khanam J, Yamasaki S, Nandy RK, et al. Virulence characteristics and molecular epidemiology of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolates from hospitalized diarrheal patients in Kolkata, India. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42: 4111–20
- Nataro JP, Yikang D, Yingkang D, Walker K. AggR, a transcriptional activator of aggregative adherence fimbria I expression in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 1994; 176: 4691–9
- Sheikh J, Czeczulin JR, Harrington S, Hicks S, Henderson IR, Le Bouguenec C, et al. A novel dispersin protein in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. J Clin Invest 2002; 110: 1329–37
- Cheng YW, Wong SN. Diagnosing symptomatic urinary tract infections in infants by catheter urine culture. J Paediatr Child Health 2005; 41: 437–40
- Heimer SR, Rasko DA, Lockatell CV, Johnson DE, Mobley HL. Autotransporter genes pic and tsh are associated with Escherichia coli strains that cause acute pyelonephritis and are expressed during urinary tract infection. Infect Immun 2004; 72: 593–7
- Jacobson SH, Eklof O, Lins LE, Wikstad I, Winberg J. Long-term prognosis of post-infectious renal scarring in relation to radiological findings in childhood-a 27-year follow-up. Pediatr Nephrol 1992; 6: 19–24
- Johnson JR. Virulence factors in Escherichia coli urinary tract infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 1991; 4: 80–128
- Yamamoto S, Nakano M, Terai A, Yuri K, Nakata K, Nair GB, et al. The presence of the virulence island containing the usp gene in uropathogenic Escherichia coli is associated with urinary tract infection in an experimental mouse model. J Urol 2001; 165: 1347–51