REFERENCES
- Kum M. Nervous control of micturition. Physiol Rev 1965; 45: 425–494.
- Tang P, Ruch TC. Non-neurogenic basis of bladder tonus. Am J Physiol 1955; 181: 249–251.
- Dewey MM, Barr L. Intercellular connection between smooth muscle cells: the nexus. Science 1962; 137: 670–672.
- Prosser CL. Electrical and mechanical properties of visceral smooth muscle. In: Boyarski S, editor. Neuro-genic bladder. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Co., 1967: 51–55.
- Burnstock G, Prosser CL. Responses of smooth muscles to quick stretch; relation of stretch to conduction. Am J Physiol 1960; 198: 921–925.
- Chacko S, Longhurst PA. Regulation of actomyo sin and contraction in smooth muscle. World J Urol 1994; 12: 292–297.
- Hodgkin AL. Ionic movements and electrical activity in grant nerve fibers. Proc Royal Soc Lond (Biol) 1958; 148: 1–37.
- Carpenter FG. Motor responses of bladder smooth muscle in relation to elasticity and fiber length. Invest Urol 1968; 6: 273–283.
- Bennett MR, Burnstock G. Application of the sucrose-gap method to determine the ionic basis of the membrane potential of smooth muscle. J Physiol 1966; 183: 637–648.
- Jenson D. The physiology of muscular contraction. In: Jenson D. The principles of physiology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1976: 88–114.
- Horowitz A, Menice CB, Laporte R, Morgan KG. Mechanisms of smooth muscle contraction. Physiol Rev 1996; 76: 967–1003.
- Bennett MR, Burnstock G, Holman ME, Walker JVV. The effects of Ca2+ on plateau-type action potentials in smooth muscle. J Physiol 1962; 161: 47P–49P.
- Todd JD, Mack AF. A study of human bladder detrusor muscle. Br J Urol 1969; 41: 448–454.
- Benson GS, Raezer DM, Wein AJ, Corriere JN. Effect of muscle length on adrenergic stimulation of canine detrusor. Urology 1975; 5: 769–772.
- Ganong WF. Excitable tissue muscle. In: Ganong WF. Review of medical physiology. Los Altos, California: Lange Medical Publishers, 1997: 60–79.
- Baskin L, Howard PS, Macarak E. Effects of physical forces on bladder smooth muscle and urothelium. J Urol 1993; 150: 601–607.
- Klevmark B. Motility of the urinary bladder in cats during filling at physiological rates: I: Intravesical pressure patterns studied by a new method of custo-metry. Acta Physiol Scand 1974; 90: 565–577.
- Klevmark B. Motility of the urinary bladder in cats during filling physiological rates: II: Effects of extrinsic bladder denervation on intramural tension and on intravesical pressure patterns. Acta Physiol Scand 1977; 101: 176–184.
- Klevmark B. Motility of the urinary bladder in cats during filling a physiological rates: III: Spontaneous rhythmic bladder contractions in the conscious and anesthetized animal. Influence of distention and inner-vation. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1980; 14: 219–224.
- Finkbeiner AE, Bissada NK. Effect of detrusor muscle length and tension on its response to pharmacologic and electrical stimulation, Part II. In vitro study. Urology 1980; 16: 650–655.
- Remington JW, Alexander RS. Stretch behavior of the bladder as an approach to vascular distensibility. Am J Physiol 1955; 181: 240–248.
- Anderson GD, Pierce Jr JM, Blair LL. Tension changes in rabbit bladder muscle: effect of stretch. Invest Urol 1968; 6: 267–272.
- DeSy W. The reactivity of isolated urinary bladder strips of the guinea-pig towards electric stimulation. Arch Int Physiol Biochem 1971; 79: 459�468.
- Uvelius B. Isometric and isotonic length-tension relations and variations in cell length in longitudinal smooth muscle from rabbit urinary bladder. Acta Physiol Scand 1976; 97: 1–12.
- Finkbeiner AE, O'Donnell PD. Responses of detrusor smooth muscle to stretch and relaxation: in vitro study. Invest Urol 1990; 36: 193–198.
- Weiss RM. Ureteral function. Urology 1978; 12: 114–133.