Trauma-Informed Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction: A Promising New Model for Working with Survivors of Interpersonal Violence

REFERENCES

• Allen, J. (2005). Coping with trauma: A guide to self-understanding (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychoanalytic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Allen, J. (2013). Mentalizing in the development and treatment of attachment trauma. London, UK: Karnac.
   Google Scholar
• American Correctional Association. (1990). The female offender: What does the future hold? Washington, DC: St. Mary’s Press.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington, DC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed). Washington, DC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Basham, K. (2008). Trauma theories. In J. Berzoff, L. M. Flannagan, & P. Hertz (Eds.), Inside out and outside in: Psychodynamic clinical theory and psychopathology in contemporary multicultural contexts (2nd ed., pp. 411–441). Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.
   Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T. (1970). Cognitive therapy: Nature and relation to behavior therapy. Behavior Therapy, 184–200.
   Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for the beck depression inventory–II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Benjamin, J. (2004). Beyond doer and done to: An intersubjective view of thirdness. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 72, 5–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binson, J., & Andrew, M. (2009). Psychological treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Review). The Cochrane Library.
   Google Scholar
• Bowen, S., Chawla, N., & Marlatt, G. A. (2011). Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for addictive behaviors: A clinician’s guide. New York, NY: The Guildford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. New York, NY: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Cloitre, M., Courtois, C. A., Ford, J. D., Green, B. L., Alexander, P., Briere, J., … van der Hart, O. (2012). The ISTSS expert consensus treatment guidelines for complex PTSD in adults. Washington, DC: International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Complex Trauma Task Force.
   Google Scholar
• Courtois, C. A., & Ford, J. D. (2013). Treating complex traumatic stress disorders in children and adults. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cozolino, L. (2010). The neuroscience of psychotherapy: Healing the social brain. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Co.
   Google Scholar
• Dutton, M. A., Bermudez, D., Myers, N., Matas, A., & Mejid, H. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for low-income, predominantly African American women with PTSD and a history of intimate partner violence. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, in press. doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2011.08.003
   Google Scholar
• Eisendrath, S., Chartier, M., & McLane, M. (2011). Adapting mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for treatment-resistant depression. Cognitive Behavioral Practice, 18, 362–370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, S., Ferrando, S., Findler, M., Stowell, C., Smart, C., & Haglin, D. (2008). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22, 716–721. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.07.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foa, E. B., Steketee, G., & Rothbaum, B. O. (1989). Behavioral/cognitive conceptualizations of post-traumatic stress disorder. Behavior Therapy, 20, 155–176.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Follette, V. M., Palm, K. M., & Rasmussen Hall, M. L. (2004). Acceptance, mindfulness, and trauma. In S. C. Hayes, V. M. Follette, & M. M. Linehan, Mindfulness and acceptance: Expanding the cognitive-behavioral tradition (pp. 192–208). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fraley, R. C., Heffernan, M. E., Vicary, A. M., & Brumbaugh, C. C. (2011). The experiences in close relationships-relationship structures questionnaire: A method for assessing attachment orientations across relationships. Psychological Assessment, 23, 615–625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freud, A. (1936). The ego and the mechanisms of defense. New York, NY: International Universities Press.
   Google Scholar
• Garland, E. L., & Roberts-Lewis, A. (2012). Differential roles of thought suppression and dispositional mindfulness in posttraumatic stress symptoms and craving. Addictive Behaviors, in press. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.02.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garland, E. L., Gaylord, S. A., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2011). Positive reappraisal mediates the stress-reductive effects of mindfulness: An upward spiral process. Mindfulness, 2(1), 59–67.
   Google Scholar
• Garland, E. L., Gaylord, S. A., Boettiger, C. A., & Howard, M. O. (2010). Mindfulness training modifies cognitive, affective, and physiological mechanisms implicated in alcohol dependence: Results of a randomized controlled pilot trial. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 42(2), 177–192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giller, E. (1999, May). What is psychological trauma? Annual Conference of the Maryland Mental Hygiene Administration, “Passages to Prevention: Prevention Across Life’s Spectrum.” Annapolis, MD: Sidran Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein, E. (1995). Ego psychology and social work practice. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.
   Google Scholar
• Gordon, J. S., Staples, J. K., Blyta, A., Bytyqi, M., & Wilson, A. T. (2008). Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in postwar Kosovar adolescents using mind-body skills groups: A randomized control trial. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69, 1469–1476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, B., Miranda, J., Daroowalla, A., & Siddique, J. (2005). Trauma exposure, mental health functioning, and program needs of women in jail. Crime and Delinquency, 51, 133–151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossman, P., Neimann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57, 35–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiental avoidance and behavioral disorders: A fucntional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 1152–1168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herman, J. (1997). Trauma and recovery: The aftermath of violence—from domestic abuse to political terror. New York, NY: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Holzel, B. K., Lazar, S. W., Gard, T., Schuman-Olivier, Z., Vago, D. R., & Ott, U. (2011). How does mindfulness meditation work? Proposing mechanisms of action from a conceptual and neural perspective. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 537–559. doi:10.1177/1745691611419671
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine. (2012). Treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in military and veteran populations: Initial assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine. (2014). Treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in military and veteran populations: Final assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jordan, B., Federman, E. B., Burns, B. J., Schlenger, W. E., Fairbank, J. A., & Caddell, J. M. (2002). Lifetime use of mental health and substance abuse treatment services by incarcerated women felons. Psychiatric Services, 53, 317–325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabat-Zin, J. (1982). An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain based on the practices of mindfulness meditation. General Hospital Psychiatry, 4, 33–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabat-Zinn, J. (2005). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York, NY: Bantam Dell.
   Google Scholar
• Kabat-Zinn, J. (2006). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology, 10, 144–156.
   Google Scholar
• Kearney, D. J., McDermott, K., Malte, C., Martinez, M., & Simpson, T. L. (2013). Effects of participation in a mindfulness program for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized controlled pilot study. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69, 14–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kearney, D., McDermott, K., Malte, C., Martinez, M., & Simpson, T. L. (2012). Association of participation in a mindfulness program with measures of PTSD, depression, and quality of life in a veteran sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68, 101–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, A. ( in preparation). Trauma-informed mindfulness based stress reduction for female survivors of interpersonal violence: Qualitative findings.
   Google Scholar
• Kelly, A., & Garland, E. ( in review). Trauma-informed mindfulness based stress reduction for female survivors of interpersonal violence: Results from a stage I RCT. Unpublished data.
   Google Scholar
• Kessler, R. C., Burglund, O., Demler, R., Jin, K. R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 593–602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler, R. C., Sonnega, E., Bromet, M., Hughes, M., & Nelson, C. B. (1995). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, 1048–1060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimbrough, E., Magyari, T., Langenberg, P., Chesney, M., & Berman, B. (2010). Mindfulness intervention for child abuse survivors. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 66, 17–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, A. P., Erickson, T. M., Giardino, N. D., Favorite, T., Rauch, S. A., Robinson, E.,… Liberzon, I. (2013). A pilot study of group Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) for combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Depression and Anxiety, 30, 638–645.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristeller, J. L., & Wolever, R. Q. (2011). Mindfulness-based eating awareness training for treatment binge eating disorder: The conceptual foundation. Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment and Prevention, 19, 49–61.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kristeller, J. L., Baer, R. A., & Quillian-Wolever, R. (2006). Mindfulness-based approaches to eating disorders. In R. A. Baer (Ed.), Mindfulness-based treatment approaches: Clinician’s guide to evidence based applications (pp. 75–91). San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lake, E. (1993). An exploration of the violent victim experiences of female offenders. Violence and Victims, 8, 41–51.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee, D. A., Scragg, P., & Turner, S. (2001). The role of shame and guilt in traumatic events: A clinical model of shame-based and guilt-based PTSD. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 74, 451–466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• McGown, D., & Reibel, D. (2010). Mindfulness and mindfulness-based stress reduction. In D. A. Monti & B. D. Beitman (Eds.), Integrative psychiatry (pp. 289–338). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2003). The attachment behavioral system in adulthood: Activation, psychodynamics, and interpersonal processes. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, Volume 35 (pp. 53–152). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2008). Adult attachment and affect regulation. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Saver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 503–531). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, D. (1994). Women who hurt themselves: A book of hope and understanding. New York, NY: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Mollica, R. F., McInnes, K., Poole, C., & Tor, S. (1998). Dose-effect relationships of trauma to symptoms of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder among Cambodian survivors of mass violence. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 173, 482–488. doi:10.1192/bjp.173.6.482
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogden, P., Minton, K., & Pain, C. (2006). Trauma and the body: A sensorimotor approach to psychotherapy. New York, NY: WW Norton & Company.
   Google Scholar
• Orsillo, S. M., & Batten, S. V. (2005). Acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behavior Modification, 29, 95–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owns, G. P., Walter, K. H., Chard, K. M., & David, P. A. (2012). Changes in mindfulness skills and treatment response among veterans in residential PTSD treatment. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 4, 221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearlman, L. A., & Saakvitne, K. W. (1995). Trauma and the therapist. New York, NY: Norton.
   Google Scholar
• Pollack, J. (2002). Women, prison, and crime (2nd ed.). Belmont, MA: Wadsworth Thomson Learning.
   Google Scholar
• Rothschild, B. (2000). The body remembers: The psychophysiology of trauma and trauma treatment. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company.
   Google Scholar
• Saakvitne, K. W. (2005). Parenting resource handbook: Support for survivor parents: Breaking the cycle of abuse one day at a time. Holyoke, MA: The Consortium.
   Google Scholar
• Saakvitne, K. W., Gamble, S., Pearlman, L. A., & Tabor Lev, B. (2000). Risking connection: A training curriculum for working with survivors of childhood abuse. Baltimore, MD: Sidran Press.
   Google Scholar
• Santorelli, S. F., & Kabat-Zinn, J. (2006). Mindfulness-based stress reduction professional training resource manual: Integrating mindfulness meditation into medicine and society. Worcester, MA: Center for Mindfulness in Medicine, Healthcare, and Society.
   Google Scholar
• Sargent, E., Marcus-Mendoza, S., & Chong, H. Y. (1993). Abuse and the woman prisoner. In B. Fletcher, L. Shaver, & D. Moon (Eds.), Women prisoners: A forgotten population (pp. 54–64). Westport, CT: Praeger.
   Google Scholar
• Schamess, G., & Shilkret, R. (2011). Ego psychology. In J. Berzoff, L. Melano Flanagan, & P. Hertz (Eds.), Inside out and outside in: Psychodynamic clinical theory and psychopathology in contemporary multicultural contexts (3rd ed., pp. 62–96). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Segal, Z. V., Teasdale, J. D., & Williams, M. G. (2004). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: Theoretical rationale and empirical status. In S. C. Hayes, V. M. Follette, & M. M. Linehan (Eds.), Mindfulness and acceptance: Expanding the cognitive-behavioral tradition (pp. 45–65). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Segel, Z. V., Williams, J. M., & Teasdale, J. D. (2002). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: A new approach to preventing relapse. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Siegel, D. J. (2003). An interpersonal neurobiology of psychotherapy: The developing mind and the resolution of trauma. In M. F. Soloman, & D. J. Siegel (Eds.), Healing trauma: Attachment, mind, body, and brain (pp. 1–56). New York, NY: WW Norton & Co.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, B. W., Ortiz, J. A., Steffen, L. E., Tooley, E. M., Wiggins, K. T., Yeater, E. A., & Bernard, M. L. (2011). Mindfulness is associated with fewer PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, physical symptoms, and alcohol problems in urban firefighters. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79, 613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, J. (2010). Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for women with PTSD surviving domestic violence. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 70, 5186.
   Google Scholar
• Staub, E. (2002). The psychology of bystanders, perpetrators, and heroic helpers. In L. S. Newman, & R. Erber (Eds.), Understanding genocide: The social psychology of the Holocaust (pp. 11–42). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tarrier, H., Pilgrim, C., Sommerfield, B., Faragher, M., Reynolds, E., Graham, E., & Barrowclough, C. (1999). A randomized trial of cognitive therapy and imaginal exposure in the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1, 13–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teasdale, J. D., Moore, R. D., Hayhurst, H., Pope, M., Williams, S., & Segal, Z. V. (2002). Megacognitive awareness and prevention of relapse into depression: Empirical evidence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 275–287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teasdale, J. D., Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M., Rodgeway, V. A., Soulsby, J. M., & Lau, M. A. (2000). Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 615–623. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.68.4.615
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, R. W., Amkoff, D. B., & Glass, C. R. (2011). Conceptualizing mindfulness and acceptance as components of psychological resilience to trauma. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 12, 220–235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valliant, G. E. (1992). Ego mechanisms of defense. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
   Google Scholar
• van der Kolk, B. A., McFalane, A. C., & Weisaeth, L. (2007). Traumatic stress: The effects of overwhelming experience on mind, body, and society. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wilbarger, P., & Wilbarger, J. (1997). Sensory defensiveness and related social/emotional and neurological problems. Van Nuys, CA: Wilbarger.
   Google Scholar
• Weathers, F. W., Litz, B. T., Herman, D. S., Huska, J. A., & Keane, T. M. (1994). The PTSD checklist: Reliability, validity, & diagnostic utility. Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, San Antonio, TX..
   Google Scholar
• Weinstein, N., Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). A multi-method examination of the effects of mindfulness on stress attribution, coping and emotional well-being. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 374–385.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winnicott, D. W. (1951). Transitional objects and transitional phenomena. In D. W. Winnicott (Ed.), Through pediatrics to psycho-analysis: Collected papers (pp. 229–242). New York, NY: Brunner Mazel.
   Google Scholar
• Winnicott, D. W. (1954). Mind and its relation to the psyche-soma. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 27, 201–209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winnicott, D. W. (1965). The maturational processes and the facilitating environment: Studies in the theory of emotional development. The International Psycho-Analytical Library, 64, 1–276.
   Google Scholar
• Zgierska, A., Rabagto, D., Chawla, N., Kushner, K., Koehler, R., & Marlatt, A. (2009). Mindfulness meditation for substance use disorders: A systematic review. Substance Abuse, 30, 266–294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zlotnick, C. (2002). Treatment of incarcerated women with substance abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder, final report. Maryland: US Department of Justice.
   Google Scholar