Phylogeographic pattern and regional evolutionary history of the maize stalk borer Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in sub-Saharan Africa

References

• Ajayi , O. 1998 . “ Sorghum: West Africa ” . In African cereal stem borers: economic importance, taxonomy, natural enemies and control , Edited by: Polaszek , A. 39 – 45 . Wallingford , , UK : CABI . in:
   Google Scholar
• Alpers , D.L. , Van Vuuren , B.J. , Arctander , P. and Robinson , T.J. 2004 . Population genetics of the roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus) with suggestions for conservation . Molecular Ecology , 13 : 1771 – 1784 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Althoff , M.D. and Pellmyr , O. 2002 . Examining genetic structure in bogus yucca moth: A sequential approach to phylogeography . Evolution , 56 : 1632 – 1643 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arctander , P. , Johansen , C. and Coutellec-Vreto , M. 1999 . Phylogeography of three closely related African bovids (Tribe Alcelaphini) . Molecular Biology and Evolution , 16 : 1724 – 1739 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avise , J.C. 2000 . Phylogeography. The History and Formation of Species , 447 Cambridge , Massachusetts : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bernatchez , L. 2001 . The evolutionary history of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) inferred from phylogeographic, nested clade, and mismatch analyses of mitochondrial DNA variation . Evolution , 55 : 351 – 379 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruhl , C.A. 1997 . Flightless insects: a test case for historical relationships of African mountains . Journal of Biogeography , 24 : 233 – 250 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bush , G.L. 1994 . Sympatric speciation in animals: new wine in old bottles . Trends in Ecology and Evolution , 9 : 285 – 288 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caillaud , C.M. and Via , S. 2000 . Specialized feeding behavior influences both ecological specialization and assortative mating in sympatric host races of pea aphids . The American Naturalist , 156 : 607 – 621 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll , S.P. and Boyd , C. 1992 . Host race radiation in the soapberry bug: Natural history with the history . Evolution , 46 : 1052 – 1069 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chastanet , M. 1998 . “ Introduction et place du maïs au Sahel Occidental (Sénégal-Mauritanie) ” . In Plantes et paysages d’Afrique. Une histoire à explorer , Edited by: Chastanet , M. 251 – 275 . Paris : Karthala-CRA . in:
   Google Scholar
• Clement , M. , Posada , D. and Crandall , K.A. 2000 . TCS: a computer program to estimate gene genealogies . Molecular Ecology , 9 : 1657 – 1660 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Jong , R. and Congdon , T.C.E. 1993 . “ The montane butterflies of the eastern Afrotropics ” . In Biogeography and ecology of the rain forests of eastern Africa , Edited by: Lovett , J. C. and Wasser , S. K. 133 – 164 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . in:
   Google Scholar
• Delobel , A. 1995 . The shift of Caryedon serratus (Ol.) from wild Caesalpiniaceae to groundnuts took place in West Africa (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) . Journal of Stored Products Research , 31 : 101 – 102 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doggett , H. 1988 . Sorghum , 2nd , 512 London : Longman Scientific and Technical Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Excoffier , L. , Smouse , P.E. and Quattro , J.M. 1992 . Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data . Genetics , 131 : 479 – 491 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faulkes , C.G. , Verheyen , E. , Verheyen , W. , Jarvis , J.U.M. and Bennett , N.C. 2004 . Phylogeograpical patterns of genetic divergence and speciation in African mole-rats (Family: Bathyergidae) . Molecular Ecology , 13 : 613 – 629 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feder , J.L. , Chilcote , C.A. and Bush , G.L. 1988 . Genetic differentiation between sympatric host races of the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella . Nature , 336 : 61 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant , S.W. and Bowen , B.W. 1998 . Shallow population histories in deep evolutionary lineages of marine fishes: insights from sardines and anchovies and lessons for conservation . Journal of Heredity , 89 : 415 – 426 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu , X. , Fu , Y.X. and Li , W.H. 1995 . Maximum likelihood estimation of heterogeneity of substitution rate among nucleotide sites . Molecular Biology and Evolution , 12 : 546 – 557 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haile , A. and Hofsvang , T. 2001 . Survey of lepidopterous stem borers of sorghum, maize and pearl millet in Eritrea . Crop Protection , 20 : 151 – 157 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haile , A. and Hofsvang , T. 2002 . Host plant preference of the stem borer Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) . Crop Protection , 21 : 227 – 233 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasegawa , M. , Kishino , H. and Yano , T. 1985 . Dating of the human-ape splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial DNA . Journal of Molecular Evolution , 21 : 160 – 174 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holloway , J. D. 1998 . “ Noctuidae ” . In African cereal stem borers: economic importance, taxonomy, natural enemies and control , Edited by: Polaszek , A. 79 – 86 . Wallingford , , UK : CABI . in:
   Google Scholar
• Kfir , R. , Overholt , A.W. , Khan , R.Z. and Polaszek , A. 2002 . Biology and management of economically important lepidopteran cereal stem borers in Africa . Annual Review of Entomology , 47 : 701 – 731 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimura , M. 1981 . Estimation of evolutionary distances between homologous nucleotide sequences . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA , 78 : 454 – 458 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Rü , B.P. , Ong’amo , G.O. , Moyal , P. , Muchugu , E. , Ngala , L. , Musyoka , B. , Abdullah , Z. , Kauma-Matama , T. , Lada , V.Y. , Pallangyo , B. , Omwega , C.O. , Schulthess , F. , Calatayud , P.-A. and Silvain , J.-F. 2006 . Geographic distribution and host plant ranges of East African noctuid stem borers . Annales de la Société Entomologique de France , 42 ( 3–4 ) : 353 – 361 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livingstone , D.A. 1982 . “ Quaternary geography of Africa and refuge theory ” . In Biological diversification in the tropics: Proceedings of the 5th international symposium of the association for tropical biology , Edited by: Prance , G. T. 523 – 536 . New York : Columbia University Press . in:
   Google Scholar
• Maddison , D.R. and Maddison , W.P. 2002 . MacClade: Analysis of phylogeny and character evolution. Version 4.02 , Sunderland , Massachusetts : Sinauer Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Madeiras Santos , M.E. and Ferraz Torrao , M.M. 1998 . “ Entre l’Amérique et l’Afrique, les îles du Cap-vert et Sao Tomé: les cheminements des milhos (mil, sorgho et maïs) ” . In Plantes et paysages d’Afrique. Une histoire à explorer , Edited by: Chastanet , M. 69 – 83 . Paris : Karthala-CRA . in:
   Google Scholar
• McPheron , B.A. , Smith , C.D. and Berlocher , S.H. 1988 . Genetic differences between host races of Rhagoletis pomonella . Nature , 336 : 64 – 66 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Menocal , P.B. 1995 . Plio-Pleistocene African climate . Science , 270 : 53 – 59 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moyal , P. 1998 . Infestation patterns and parasitism of the maize stalk borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Ivory Coast . African Entomology , 6 : 289 – 296 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murty , D.S. and Renard , C. 2001 . “ Sorgho (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) ” . In Agriculture en Afrique Tropicale , Edited by: Raemaekers , R. H. 105 – 125 . Bruxelles , , Belgique : Direction Générale de la Coopération Internationale . in:
   Google Scholar
• Ndemah , R. , Schulthess , F. , Korie , S. , Borgemeister , C. and Cardwell , K.F. 2001 . Distribution, relative importance and effect of lepidopterous borers on maize yields in forest zone and mid-altitude of Cameroon . Journal of Economic Entomology , 94 : 1434 – 1444 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nei , M. 1987 . Molecular Evolutionary Genetics , 512 New York : Columbia University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nei , M. and Li , W.H. 1979 . Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA , 76 : 5269 – 5273 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pashley Prowell , D. , McMichael , M. and Silvain , J.-F. 2004 . Multilocus genetic analysis of host use, introgression, and speciation in host strains fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) . Annals of the Entomological Society of America , 97 : 1034 – 1044 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petit , R.J. , Aguinagalde , I. , de Beaulieu , J-L. , Bittkau , C. , Brewer , S. , Cheddadi , R. , Ennos , R. , Fineschi , S. , Grivet , D. , Lascoux , M. , Mohanty , A. , Müller-Starck , G. , Demesure-Musch , B. , Palmé , A. , Martín , J.P. , Rendell , S. and Vendramin , G.G. 2003 . Glacial refugia: hotspots but not melting pots of genetic diversity . Science , 300 : 1563 – 1565 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitra , C. , Hansen , J.A. , Lieckfeldt , D. and Arctander , P. 2002 . An exceptional case of historical outbreeding in African sable antelope populations . Molecular Ecology , 11 : 1197 – 1208 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polaszek , A. and Khan , Z.R. 1998 . “ Host plants ” . In African cereal stem borers: economic importance, taxonomy, natural enemies and control , Edited by: Polaszek , A. 3 – 10 . Wallingford , , UK : CABI . in:
   Google Scholar
• Posada , D. and Crandall , K.A. 1998 . Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution . Bioinformatics , 14 : 817 – 818 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posada , D. , Crandall , K.A. and Templeton , A.R. 2000 . GeoDis: A program for the cladistic nested analysis of geographical distribution of genetic haplotypes . Molecular Ecology , 9 : 487 – 488 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quérouil , S. , Verheyen , E. , Dillen , M. and Colyn , M. 2003 . Patterns of diversification in two African forest shrews: Sylvisorex johnstoni and Sylvisorex ollula (Soricidae, Insectivora) in relation to paleo-environmental changes . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , 28 : 24 – 37 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider , S.D. and Excoffier , L. 1999 . Estimation of past demographic parameters from the distribution of pairwise distances when the mutation rates vary among sites: application to human mitochondrial DNA . Genetics , 152 : 1079 – 1089 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider , S.D. , Roessli , D. and Excoffier , L. 2000 . Arlequin V. 2.000: a software for genetic data analysis , Geneva , , Switzerland : Genetics and Biometry Laboratory, University of Geneva .
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz , D. , McPheron , A.B. , Hartl , B.G. , Foller , F.E. and Hoffmeister , S.T. 2003 . A second case of genetic host races in Rhagoletis? A population genetic comparison of sympatric host populations in the European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi . Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata , 108 : 11 – 17 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sembène , M. 2000 . Variabilité de l’Espaceur Interne transcrit (ITS1) de l’ADN ribosomique et polymorphisme des locus microsatellites chez la bruche d’arachide Caryedon serratus (Olivier): différenciation en races d’hôtes et infestation de l’arachide au Sénégal , 214 Dakar : Université Cheik Anta Diop de Dakar . Thèse de doctorat d’Etat ès sciences
   Google Scholar
• Sezonlin , M. , Dupas , S. , Le Rü , B. , Le Gall , P. , Moyal , P. , Calatayud , P.-A. , Giffard , I. , Faure , N. and Silvain , J.-F. 2006 . Phylogeography and population genetics of the maize stalk borer Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in sub-Saharan Africa . Molecular Ecology , 15 : 407 – 420 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simmons , R.B. and Weller , S.J. 2001 . Utility and evolution of cytochrome b in insects . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , 20 : 196 – 210 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer , M.C. , Thomas , C.D. and Parmesan , C. 1993 . Rapid human-induced evolution of insect-host associations . Nature , 366 : 681 – 683 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slatkin , M. and Hudson , R.R. 1991 . Pairwise comparisons of mitochondrial DNA sequences in stable and exponentially growing populations . Genetics , 129 : 555 – 562 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swofford , D.L. 2002 . PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and other methods) , Sunderland , Massachusetts : Sinauer Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Tajima , F. 1989a . Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism . Genetics , 123 : 585 – 595 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tajima , F. 1989b . The effect of change in population size on DNA polymorphism . Genetics , 123 : 597 – 601 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Templeton , A.R. , Routman , E. and Phillips , C.A. 1995 . Separating population structure from population history: a cladistic analysis of the geographical dispersion of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum . Genetics , 140 : 767 – 782 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Templeton , A.R. 1998 . Nested clade analysis of phylogeographic data: testing hypothesis about gene flow and population history . Molecular Ecology , 7 : 381 – 397 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Templeton , A.R. 2004 . Statistical phylogeography: methods of evaluating and minimizing inference errors . Molecular Ecology , 13 : 789 – 809 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas , Y. , Bethenod , M.T. , Pelozuelo , L. , Frérot , B. and Bourguet , D. 2003 . Genetic isolation between two sympatric host-plant races of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner. I. Sex pheromone, moth emergence timing, and parasitism . Evolution , 57 : 261 – 273 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Via , S. , Bouk , C.A. and Skillman , S. 2000 . Reproductive isolation between divergent races of pea aphids on two hosts. II. Selection against migrants and hybrids in the parental environments . Evolution , 54 : 1626 – 1637 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner , T. 2002 . Late Cretaceous to early Quaternary organic sedimentation in the eastern Equatorial Atlantic . Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , 179 : 113 – 147 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White , F. 1983 . The vegetation of Africa, a descriptive memoir to accompany the UNESCO / AETFAT / UNSO vegetation map of Africa . UNESCO, Natural Resources Research , 20 : 1 – 356 .
   Google Scholar
• Yang , Z. 1993 . Maximum likelihood estimation of phylogeny from DNA sequences when substitution rates differ over sites . Molecular Biology and Evolution , 10 : 1396 – 1402 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar