Yield loss due to the stemborer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) at different nitrogen application rates to maize

References

• Ampofo , J.K.O. 1986 . Maize stalk borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) damage and plant resistance . Environmental Entomology , 15 : 1124 – 1129 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AOAC . 1990 . Official methods of analysis , 15th , 69 – 88 . Virginia , , United States of America : Association of Official Analytical Chemist .
   Google Scholar
• Archer , T.L. , Bynum , E.D. Jr. and Onken , A.B. 1987 . Influence of fertilizer on southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella, infestation and damage to field corn . Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata , 43 : 271 – 274 .
   Google Scholar
• Atkinson , P.R. and Nuss , K.J. 1989 . Associations between host-plant nitrogen and infestations of the sugarcane borer, Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) . Bulletin of Entomological Research , 79 : 489 – 506 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonato , O. , Schulthess , F. and Baumgaertner , J.U. 1999 . A simulation model for carbon and nitrogen allocation and acquisition in maize . Ecological Modelling , 124 : 11 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Borgemeister, C., Chabi-Olaye, A., Nolte, C., Schulthess, F., Ndemah R., Sétamou M., Role of habitat management technologies in the management of cereal stem and cob borers in sub-Saharan Africa. International symposium on biological control of arthropods, Davos Switzerland, September 12 to 16, 2005, 2005. http://www.cabi-bioscience.ch./ISBCA-DAVOS-2005/scientific_program.htm
   Google Scholar
• Bremner , J.M. and Mulvaney , C.S. 1982 . “ Total nitrogen ” . In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2 Agronomy monogragh , Edited by: Page , A. L. 149 – 157 . Madison , Wisconsin : American Society of Agronomy . in:, Number 9
   Google Scholar
• Cardwell , K.F. , Schulthess , F. , Ndemah , R. and Ngoko , Z. 1997 . A system approach to assess crop health and maize yield losses due to pests and diseases in Cameroon . Agriculture, Ecosystems and Enviroment , 65 : 33 – 47 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chabi-Olaye , A. , Nolte , C. , Schulthess , F. and Borgemeister , C. 2005 . Effects of grain legumes and cover crops on maize yield and plant damage by Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the humid forest of southern Cameroon . Agriculture, Ecosystems and Enviroment , 108 : 17 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CIMMYT . 1992 . CIMMYT World Maize Facts and Trends: Maize Research Investments and Impacts in Developing Countries , Mexico : CIMMYT .
   Google Scholar
• Denké , D. , Schulthess , F. , Bonato , O. , Gounou , S. and Smith , H. 2000 . Effet de la fumure en potassium sur le dévelopment, la survie et la fécondite de Sesamia calamistis Hampson et de Eldana saccharina Walker sur maïs . Insect Science and its Application , 20 : 151 – 156 .
   Google Scholar
• Duerden , J.C. 1953 . Stemborers of cereal crops at Kongwa, Tanganyika 1950–1952 . East African Agricultural and Forest Journal , 19 : 105 – 119 .
   Google Scholar
• FAO, FAOSTAT Agricultural data, 2000. http://apps.fao.org
   Google Scholar
• Fischer , K.S. and Palmer , A.F.E. 1984 . “ Tropical Maize ” . In The physiology of tropical field crops , Edited by: Goldsworthy , P. and Fisher , N. M. 213 – 248 . New York : John Wiley & Sons . in:
   Google Scholar
• Gounou , S. , Schulthess , F. , Shanower , T. , Hammond , W.H.O. , Braima , H. , Cudjoe , A.R. , Adklaoe , R. , Antwi , K.K. and Olaleye , I. 1994 . Stem and ear borers of maize in Ghana , Plant Health Management Research Monograph Vol. 4 , 23 Ibadan , , Nigeria : International Institute of Tropical Agriculture .
   Google Scholar
• Jiang , N. and Schulthess , F. 2006 . Effect of nitrogen fertilizer level of maize on development of Chilo partellus and performance of its larval parasitoid . Cotesia flavipes. Bulletin of Entomological Research , 16 : 49 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Kfir , R. , Overholt , W.A. , Khan , Z. and Polaszek , A. 2002 . Biology and management of economically important lepidopteran cereal stemborers in Africa . Annual Review of Entomology , 47 : 701 – 732 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacLean , R.H. , Litsinger , J.A. , Moody , K. , Watson , A.K. and Libetario , E.M. 2003 . Impact of Gliricidia sepium and Cassia spectabilis hedgerows on weeds and insect pests of upland rice . Agriculture, Ecosystems and Enviroment , 94 : 275 – 288 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , R.C. , Arnason , J.T. , Lambert , J.D.H. , Isabelle , P. , Voldeng , H.D. and Smith , D.L. 1989 . Reduction of European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) damage by intercropping corn with soybean . Journal of Economic Entomology , 82 : 1455 – 1459 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLean , F.O. 1982 . “ Soil pH and lime requirements ” . In Methods of Soil Analysis , Part 2 Agronomy monogragh Edited by: Page , A. L. Vol. 9 , 199 – 224 . Madison , Wisconsin : American Society of Agronomy . in:
   Google Scholar
• Muturi , J.J. , Ngi-Song , A.J. , Mueke , J.M. , Sétamou , M. , Schulthess , F. and Jiang , N. Multiparasitism by the pupal parasitoids, Xanthopimpla stemmator (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Pediobius furvus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on two African cereal stemborers, Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) . Biocontrol Science and Technology , (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Ndemah R., Towards developing an integrated crop management strategy for the African stalk borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in maize systems in Cameroon, Hannover University, Faculty of Horticulture, Institute of Plant Diseases and Plant Protection Germany. 1999. 136 Ph.D thesis, WWW.gartenbau.uni-hannover.de/ipp/entomol/ndemah/ndemah.html
   Google Scholar
• Ndemah , R. and Schulthess , F. 2002 . Yield of maize in relation to natural field infestations and damage by lepidopterous borers in the forest and forest/savannah transition zones of Cameroon . Insect Science and its Application , 22 : 183 – 193 .
   Google Scholar
• Ndemah , R. , Schulthess , F. , Korie , S. , Borgemeister , C. and Cardwell , K.F. 2001 . Distribution, relative importance and effect of lepidopterous borers on maize yields in the Forest Zone and Mid-altitude of Cameroon . Journal of Economic Entomology , 94 : 1434 – 1444 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson , D.W. and Sommers , L.E. 1982 . “ Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter ” . In Methods of Soil Analysis , Part 2 Agronomy monogragh Edited by: Page , A. L. Vol. 9 , 539 – 579 . Madison , Wisconsin : American Society of Agronomy . in:
   Google Scholar
• Nyambo , B.T. and Kabissa , J.C. 1988 . “ The status of maize stalkborers in Tanzania. A review with emphasis on possible future research proposals ” . In Proceedings of the First Tanzania National Maize Research Workshop Edited by: Moshi , A. J. and Ramson , J. K. 224 – 228 . Arusha , , Tanzania in:, Agricultural research Organization, 6–7 June 1988
   Google Scholar
• Olsen , S.R. and Sommers , L.E. 1982 . “ Phosphorus ” . In Methods of Soil Analysis , Part 2 Agronomy monogragh Edited by: Page , A. L. Vol. 9 , 539 – 575 . Madison , Wisconsin : American Society of Agronomy . In:
   Google Scholar
• Omwega , C.O. , Overholt , W.A. , Mbapila , J.C. and Kimani-Njogu , S.W. 1997 . Establishment of Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an exotic endoparasitoid of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Tanzania . African Entomology , 5 : 71 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saroja , R. , Jagannathan , R. and Raju , N. 1987 . Effect of nitrogen nutrition and rice variety on leaffolder (LF), yellow stemborer (YSB) and grain yield . International Rice Research Newsletter , 12 : 11 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• 1997 . “ SAS Institute ” . In User’s guide: Statistics , Cary, NC , , USA : SAS Institute Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Seshu Reddy , K.V. and Sum , K.O.S. 1992 . Yield–infestation relationship and determination of economic injury level of the stem-borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) in three varieties of maize, Zea mays L . Maydica , 37 : 371 – 376 .
   Google Scholar
• Sétamou , M. , Schulthess , F. , Bosque-Perez , N.A. and Odjo-Thomas , A. 1993 . Effect of plant nitrogen and silica on the bionomics of Sesamia calamistis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) . Bulletin of Entomological Research , 83 : 405 – 411 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sétamou , M. and Schulthess , F. 1995 . The influence of egg parasitoids belonging to the Telenomus busseolae (Hym.: Scelionidae) species complex on Sesamia calamistis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations in maize fields in southern Benin . Biocontrol Science and Technology , 5 : 69 – 81 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sétamou , M. , Schulthess , F. , Bosque-Perez , N.A. and Thomas-Odjo , A. 1995 . The effect of stem and earborers on maize subjected to different nitrogen treatments . Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata , 77 : 205 – 210 .
   Google Scholar
• Sharma , A.R. and Reddy , M.D. 1991 . Performance of different height rice lines under intermediate deep water levels . International Rice Research Newsletter , 16 : 8 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Simpson , J.M. and Simpson , C.L. 1990 . “ The mechanisms of nutritional compensation by phytophagous insects ” . In Insect-Plant interactions , Edited by: Bernays , E.A. 111 – 160 . Boca Raton , Florida : CRC Press . in:
   Google Scholar
• Slanksy , F.J. 1993 . “ Nutritional ecology: the fundamental quest for nutrients ” . In Caterpillars, Ecological and Evolutionary Constraints on Foraging , Edited by: Stamp , N. E. and Casey , T. M. 478 – 508 . New York : Chapman & Hall . in:
   Google Scholar
• Thakar , R.B. and Mishra , S.S. 1989 . Effect of different levels of nitrogen and some granular insecticides on stemborer and leaf folder incidence in rice . Journal of Entomological Research , 13 : 121 – 124 .
   Google Scholar
• Walkey , A. and Black , I.A. 1934 . Methods of Soil analysis . Soil Science , 37 : 29
   Google Scholar
• Zhou , G. , Baumgartner , J. and Overholt , W.A. 2001 . Impact of an exotic parasitoid on stem borer (Lepidoptera) populations dynamics in Kenya . Ecological Application , 11 : 1554 – 1562 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar