Socialization for Citizenship through Community Service: Disparities in Participation among U.S. High School Students

References

• Allison , Kevin W. and Takei , Yoshi . 1993 . “Diversity: The Cultural Contexts of Adolescents and Their Families” . In Early Adolescence: Perspectives on Research, Policy, and Intervention , Edited by: Lerner , Richard M. 51 – 69 . Hillsdale , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Anson , Robert S. 1987 . Best Intentions: The Education and Killing of Edmund Perry , New York : Random House .
   Google Scholar
• Barber , Benjamin R. 1990 . “Service, Citizenship, and Democracy: Civic Duty as an Entailment of Civil Right” . In National Service: Pro and Con , Edited by: Evers , W. M. Stanford , CA : Hoover Institution Press .
   Google Scholar
• Berger , Peter L. and Luckmann , Thomas . 1989 . The Social Construction of Reality , New York : Doubleday . ‘1967’
   Google Scholar
• Blair , J. 1998 . “Decrying Nation's Poor ‘Civic Health,’ Group Urges Schools to Take Action” . Education Week , XVII ( 42 ) : 15
   Google Scholar
• Boyer , Ernest L. 1983 . High School: A Report on Secondary Education in America , New York : Harper & Row .
   Google Scholar
• Boyte , Harry C. 1991 . “Civic and Community Action” . In Civitas: A Framework for Civic Education , Edited by: Bahmueller , C. F. 75 – 82 . Calabasas , CA : Center for Civic Education .
   Google Scholar
• Boyte , Harry C. and Kari , Nancy N. 1996 . Building America , Philadelphia : Temple University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , Bradford B. 1990 . “Peer Groups and Peer Cultures” . In At the Threshold , Edited by: Feldman , S. Shirley and Elliott , Glen R. 171 – 196 . Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bryk , Anthony S. , Lee , Valerie E. and Holland , Peter B. 1993 . Catholic Schools and the Common Good , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bryk , Anthony S. and Raudenbusch , Stephen W. 1992 . Hierarchical Linear Models for Social and Behavioral Research , Newbury Park , CA : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Bryk , Anthony S. , Raudenbusch , Stephen W. and Congdon , Richard T. 1992 . Hierarchical Linear and Nonlinear Modeling with the HLM/2L and HLM/3L Programs , Chicago : Scientific Software International .
   Google Scholar
• Carmines , Edward G. 1991 . “Psychological Antecedents of Adolescent Political Involvement: Personal Competence and Political Behavior” . International Journal of Adolescence and Youth , 3 : 79 – 98 .
   Google Scholar
• Coleman , James S. , Hoffer , Thomas and Kilgore , Sally . 1982 . High School Achievement: Public, Catholic, and Private Schools Compared , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Committee for the Study of National Service . 1979 . Youth and the Needs of the Nation , Washington , DC : Potomac Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Conover , Pamela Johnson and Searing , David . 2000 . “A Political Socialization Perspective” . In Rediscovering the Democratic Purposes of Education , Edited by: McDonnell , Lorraine M. , Timpane , P. Michael and Benjamin , Roger . 91 – 124 . Lawrence : University of Kansas Press .
   Google Scholar
• Conrad , D. and Hedin , D. 1989 . High School Community Service: A Review of Research and Programs , Madison , WI : National Center on Effective Secondary Schools . Office of Educational Research and Improvement, Grant No. G00869000789
   Google Scholar
• Cookson , Peter W. Jr. and Persell , Carolyn H. 1985 . Preparing for Power , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Cusick , Philip A. 1983 . The Egalitarian Ideal and the American High School , New York : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• DiRenzo , Gordon J. 1990 . “Socialization for Citizenship in Modern Democratic Society” . In Political Socialization, Citizenship Education, and Workplace Democracy , Edited by: Ichilov , Orit . 25 – 46 . New York : Teachers College Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dubas , Judith S. and Snider , B. Alan . 1993 . “The Role of Community-Based Youth Groups in Enhancing Learning and Achievement through Nonformal Education” . In Early Adolescence: Perspectives on Research, Policy, and Intervention , Edited by: Lerner , Richard M. 159 – 174 . Hillsdale , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Eccles , Jacquelynne S. and Barber , Bonnie L. 1999 . “Student Council, Volunteering, Basketball, or Marching Band: What Kind of Extracurricular Involvement Matters?” . Journal of Adolescent Research , 14 : 10 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott , Glen R. and Feldman , S. Shirley . 1990 . “Capturing the Adolescent Experience” . In At the Threshold , Edited by: Feldman , S. Shirley and Elliott , Glen R. 1 – 13 . Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Erikson , Erik H. 1968 . Identity: Youth and Crisis , New York : W.W. Norton .
   Google Scholar
• Etzioni , Amitai . 1993 . The Spirit of Community , New York : Crown .
   Google Scholar
• Gephart , Martha A. 1997 . “Neighborhoods and Communities as Contexts for Development” . In Neighborhood Poverty , Edited by: Brooks-Gunn , Jeanne , Duncan , Gregory and Aber , J. Lawrence . 1 – 43 . New York : Russell Sage Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Harter , Susan . 1990 . “Self and Identity Development” . In At the Threshold , Edited by: Feldman , S. Shirley and Elliot , Glen R. 352 – 387 . Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hodgkinson , Virginia A. and Weitzman , Murray S. 1990 . Volunteering and Giving Among Teenagers 14 to 17 Years of Age , Washington , DC : Independent Sector . National Survey. Independent Sector
   Google Scholar
• Hodgkinson , Virginia A. , Weitzman , Murray S. , Crutchfield , Eric and Heffron , Aaron . 1996 . Volunteering and Giving Among Teenagers 12 to 17 Years of Age , Washington , DC : Independent Sector . National Survey. Independent Sector
   Google Scholar
• Janowitz , Morris . 1980 . “Observations on the Sociology of Citizenship” . Social Forces , 59 : 1 – 23 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janowitz , Morris . 1983 . The Reconstruction of Patriotism , Chicago : The University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , Monica Kirkpatrick , Beebe , Timothy , Mortimer , Jeylan T. and Snyder , Mark . 1998 . “Volunteerism in Adolescence: A Process Perspective” . Journal of Research on Adolescence , 8 : 309 – 332 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kane , Pearl R. , ed. 1992 . Independent Schools, Independent Thinkers , San Francisco : Jossey-Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Ladewig , Henry and Thomas , J.K. 1987 . Assessing the Impact of 4-H on Former Members , College Station : Texas A & M University .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , Valerie E. and Bryk , Anthony S. 1988 . “Curriculum Tracking as Mediating the Social Distribution of High School Achievement” . Sociology of Education , 61 : 78 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin , Henry M. 1990 . “Political Socialization for Workplace Democracy” . In Political Socialization, Citizenship Education, and Workplace Democracy , Edited by: Ichilov , Orit . 158 – 76 . New York : Teachers College Press .
   Google Scholar
• Magen , Z. and Aharoni , R. 1991 . “Adolescents Contributing toward Others” . Journal of Humanist Psychology , 31 : 126 – 143 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks , Helen M. 1994 . “The Effect of Participation in School-Sponsored Community Service Programs on Student Attitudes Toward Social Responsibility” , Ph.D. dissertation Ann Arbor , MI : The University of Michigan .
   Google Scholar
• Marks , Helen M. 2000 . “Questioning Commitment: The Choice for Community Service Among U.S. High School Students” Manuscript submitted for publication
   Google Scholar
• McCarthy , K. D. 1982 . Noblesse Oblige: Charity and Cultural Philanthropy in Chicago, 1849–1929 , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• McDonnell , Lorraine M. , Timpane , P. Michael and Benjamin , Roger , eds. 2000 . Rediscovering the Democratic Purposes of Education , Lawrence : University of Kansas Press .
   Google Scholar
• McDonnell , Lorraine M. and Weatherford , M. Stephen . 2000 . “Seeking a New Politics of Education” . In Redisovering the Democratic Purposes of Education , Edited by: McDonnell , Lorraine M. , Timpane , P. Michael and Benjamin , Roger . 174 – 206 . Lawrence : University of Kansas Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mead , George . 1989 . “Play, Game, and the Generalized Other” . In Sociological Theory: A Book of Readings , Edited by: Coser , Lewis A. and Rosenberg , Bernard . 222 – 231 . Prospect Heights , IL : Waveland Press . ‘1934’
   Google Scholar
• Newmann , Fred M. 1975 . Education for Citizen Action , Berkeley , CA : McCutchan .
   Google Scholar
• Newmann , Fred M. 1989 . “Reflective Civic Participation” . Social Education , 53 : 357 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• Newmann , Fred M. and Rutter , Robert A. 1986 . “A Profile of High School Community Service Programs” . Educational Leadership , 43 : 65 – 71 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niemi , Richard G. and Hepburn , Mary A. 1995 . “The Rebirth of Political Socialization” . Perspectives on Politcal Science , 24 : 7 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Niemi , Richard G. , Hepburn , Mary A. and Chapman , Chris . “Community Service by High School Students: A Cure for Civic Ills?” . Political Behavior , 22 46 – 69 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nolin , Mary Jo , Chaney , Bradford and Chapman , Chris . 1997 . Student Participation in Community Service Activity , Washington , DC : U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement . National Household Education Survey. National Center for Educational Statistics
   Google Scholar
• Oakes , Jeannie . 1985 . Keeping Track: How Schools Structure Inequality , New Haven , CT : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Powell , Arthur G. 1996 . Lessons from Privilege , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Riesman , David . 1969 . The Lonely Crowd: A Study of the Changing American Character , New Haven , CT : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sigel , R. and Hoskin , M. 1981 . The Political Involvement of Adolescents , New Brunswick , NJ : Rutgers University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , David H. and Macaulay , Jacquelyn Associates . 1980 . Participation in Social and Political Activities , San Francisco : JosseyBass .
   Google Scholar
• Sundeen , Richard A. and Raskoff , Sally A. 1994 . “Volunteering Among Teenagers in the United States” . Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly , 23 : 383 – 403 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torney-Purta , Judith . 1990 . “Youth in Relation to Social Institutions” . In At the Threshhold , Edited by: Feldman , S. Shirley and Elliott , Glen R. Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Verba , Sidney , Schlozman , Kay L. and Brady , Henry E. 1995 . Voice and Equality , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , William J. 1996 . When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor , New York : Knopf .
   Google Scholar
• Wuthnow , Robert . 1995 . Learning to Care: Elementary Kindness in a World of Indifference , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Yates , Miranda and Youniss , James . 1996 . “Community Service and Political-Moral Identity in Adolescents” . Journal of Research on Adolescence , 6 : 271 – 284 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Youniss , James , McLellan , Jeffrey A. and Yates , Miranda . 1999 . “Religion, Community Service, and Identity in American Youth” . Journal of Adolescence , 22 : 243 – 253 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar