184
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Another Layer of Ignominy: Beliefs about Public Views of Sex Offenders

Pages 53-70 | Published online: 19 Nov 2012

References

  • Adams , Mike S. , Robertson , Craig T. , Gray-Ray , Phyllis and Ray , Melvin C. 2003 . “Labeling and Delinquency” . Adolescence , 38 : 171 – 86 .
  • Albrecht , Gary L. , Walker , Vivian G. and Levy , Judith A. 1982 . “Social Distance from the Stigmatized: A Test of Two Theories” . Social Science and Medicine , 16 : 1319 – 27 .
  • Alexander , Laurel A. and Link , Bruce G. 2003 . “The Impact of Contact on Stigmatizing Attitudes Toward People with Mental Illness” . Journal of Mental Health , 12 : 271 – 89 .
  • Becker , Howard S. 1963 . Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance , Glencoe , IL : Free Press .
  • Beckett , Elizabeth N. and Park , Bernadette . 1995 . “Use of Category Versus Individuating Information: Making Base Rates Salient” . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 21 : 21 – 31 .
  • Bernburg , Jon G. and Krohn , Marvin . 2003 . “Labeling, Life Chances, and Adult Crime: The Direct and Indirect Effects of Official Intervention in Adolescence on Crime in Early Adulthood” . Criminology , 41 : 1287 – 1318 .
  • Bernburg , Jon G. , Krohn , Marvin D. and Rivera , Craig J. 2006 . “Official Labeling, Criminal Embeddedness, and Subsequent Delinquency” . Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , 43 : 67 – 88 .
  • Blumstein , Alfred . 2000 . “The Connection Between Crime and Incarceration” . In Building Violence: How America's Rush to Incarcerate Creates More Violence , Edited by: May , John P. and Pitts , Khalid R. 3 – 11 . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage Publications. .
  • Bontrager , Stephanie , Bales , William and Chiricos , Ted . 2005 . “Race, Ethnicity, Threat and the Labeling of Convicted Felons” . Criminology , 43 : 589 – 622 .
  • Brecher , Edward M. and Brecher , Jeremy . 1986 . “Extracting Valid Sexological Findings from Severely Flawed and Biased Population Samples” . Journal of Sex Research , 22 : 6 – 20 .
  • Chiricos , Ted , Eschholz , Sarah and Gertz , Marc . 1997 . “Crime, News and Fear of Crime: Toward an Identification of Audience Effects” . Social Problems , 44 : 342 – 57 .
  • Clear , Todd . 1994 . Harm in American Penology: Offenders, Victims and Their Communities , Albany , NY : State University of New York Press .
  • Clear , Todd R. , Rose , Dina R. and Ryder , Judith A. 2001 . “Incarceration and the Community: The Problem of Removing and Returning Offenders” . Crime and Delinquency , 47 : 335 – 51 .
  • Davies , Scott and Tanner , Julian . 2003 . “The Long Arm of the Law: Effects of Labeling on Employment” . The Sociological Quarterly , 44 : 385 – 404 .
  • Davis , Joseph E. 2005 . Accounts of Innocence: Sexual Abuse, Trauma, and the Self , Chicago , IL : University of Chicago Press .
  • Dotter , Daniel . 2002 . “Creating Deviance: Scenarios of Stigmatization in the Postmodern Media Culture” . Deviant Behavior , 23 : 419 – 48 .
  • Durkheim , Emile . 1938 . The Rules of the Sociological Method , New York : Free Press .
  • Edwards , Anthony K. 2000 . “Stigmatizing the Stigmatized: A Note on the Mentally Ill Prison Inmate” . International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology , 44 : 480 – 89 .
  • Foster , Jack D. , Dinitz , Simon and Reckless , Walter C. 1972 . “Perceptions of Stigma following Public Intervention for Delinquent Behavior” . Social Problems , 20 : 202 – 209 .
  • Fuselier , Daniel A. , Durham , Robert L. and Wurtele , Sandy K. 2002 . “The Child Sexual Abuser: Perceptions of College Students and Professionals” . Sexual Abuse , 14 : 271 – 80 .
  • Goffman , Erving . 1963 . Stigma: Notes on the Management of a Spoiled Identity , Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice Hall .
  • Goode , Erich . 1994 . “Round Up the Usual Suspects: Crime, Deviance, and the Limits of Constructionism” . The American Sociologist , 25 : 90 – 104 .
  • Gove , Walter . 1970 . “Societal Reaction as an Explanation for Mental Illness” . American Journal of Sociology , 35 : 873 – 84 .
  • Green , Sara E. 2003 . “What Do You Mean ‘What's Wrong with Her?’ Stigma and the Lives of Families of Children with Disabilities” . Social Science and Medicine , 57 : 1361 – 74 .
  • Hensley , Christopher . 2000 . “Attitudes Toward Homosexuality in a Male and Female Prison: An Exploratory Study” . Prison Journal , 80 : 434 – 41 .
  • Jenkins , Philip . 1998 . Moral Panic: Changing Conceptions of the Child Molester in Modern America , New Haven , NJ : Yale University Press .
  • Jussim , Lee , Mannis , Melvin , Nelson , Thomas E. and Soffin , Sonia . 1995 . “Prejudice, Stereotypes, and Labeling Effects: Sources of Bias in Person Perception” . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 68 : 228 – 46 .
  • King , Kathleen P. and Clayson , Dennis E. 1988 . “The Different Perceptions of Male and Female Deviants” . Sociological Focus , 21 : 153 – 64 .
  • Kitsuse , John . 1962 . “Social Reaction to Deviance” . Social Problems , 9 : 247 – 56 .
  • Krueger , Joachim and Rothbart , Myron . 1988 . “Use of Categorical and Individuating Information in Making Inferences about Personality” . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 55 : 187 – 95 .
  • LaFond , John Q. 1998 . “The Costs of Enacting a Sexual Predator Law” . Psychology, Public Policy, and Law , 4 : 468 – 504 .
  • Lemert , Edwin . 1951 . Social Pathology , New York : McGraw-Hill .
  • Lemert , Edwin . 1972 . Human Deviance, Social Problems and Social Control , Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice-Hall .
  • Levenson , Jill S. and Cotter , Leo P. 2005 . “The Effect of Megan's Law and Sex Offender Registration” . Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice , 21 : 49 – 66 .
  • Levi , Ron . 2000 . “The Mutuality of Risk and Community: The Adjudication of Community Notification Statutes” . Economy and Society , 29 : 578 – 601 .
  • Link , Bruce G. and Phelan , Jo C. 2001 . “Conceptualizing Stigma” . Annual Review of Sociology , 27 : 363 – 85 .
  • Link , Bruce G. , Cullen , Francis T. , Struening , Elmer , Shrout , Patrick E. and Dohrenwend , Bruce P. 1989 . “A Modified Labeling Theory Approach to Mental Disorders: An Empirical Assessment” . American Sociological Review , 54 : 400 – 23 .
  • Link , Bruce G. , Cullen , Francis T. , Frank , James and Wozniak , John F. 1987 . “The Social Rejection of Former Mental Patients: Understanding Why Labels Matter” . American Journal of Sociology , 92 : 1461 – 1500 .
  • Lundman , Richard J. 2003 . “The Newsworthiness and Selection Bias in News about Murder: Comparative and Relative Effects of Novelty and Race and Gender Typifications on Newspaper Coverage of Homicide” . Sociological Forum , 18 : 357 – 85 .
  • Martin , Jack K. , Pescosolido , Bernice A. and Tuch , Steven A. 2000 . “Of Fear and Loathing: The Role of ‘Disturbing Behavior,’ Labels, and Causal Attributions in Shaping Public Attitudes Toward People with Mental Illness” . Journal of Health and Social Behavior , 41 : 208 – 23 .
  • Pager , Devah . 2003 . “The Mark of a Criminal Record” . American Journal of Sociology , 108 : 937 – 75 .
  • Paternoster , Raymond and Iovanni , Leeann . 1989 . “The Labeling Perspective and Delinquency: An Elaboration of the Theory and an Assessment of the Evidence” . Justice Quarterly , 6 : 359 – 94 .
  • Petersilia , Joan . 2003 . When Prisoners Come Home: Parole and Prisoner Reentry , Oxford , , UK : Oxford University Press .
  • Phelan , Jo C. , Link , Bruce G. , Stueve , Ann and Pescosolido , Bernice . 2000 . “Public Conceptions of Mental Illness in 1950 and 1996: What is Mental Illness and Is It to be Feared?” . Journal of Health and Social Behavior , 41 : 188 – 207 .
  • Phelan , Jo C. , Link , Bruce G. , Moore , Robert E. and Stueve , Ann . 1997 . “The Stigma of Homelessness: The Impact of the Label ‘Homeless’ on Attitudes Toward Poor Persons” . Social Psychology Quarterly , 60 : 323 – 37 .
  • Phillips , Derek L. 1964 . “Rejection of the Mentally Ill: The Influence of Behavior and Sex” . American Sociological Review , 29 : 679 – 87 .
  • Potter , Gary W. and Kappeler , Victor E. 1998 . Constructing Crime: Perspectives on Making News and Social Problems , Prospect Heights , IL : Waveland Press .
  • Proctor , Jon L. , Badzinski , Diane M. and Johnson , Michelle . 2002 . “The Impact of Media on Knowledge and Perceptions of Megan's Law” . Criminal Justice Policy Review , 13 : 356 – 79 .
  • Quinn , James F. , Forsyth , Craig J. and Mullen-Quinn , Carla . 2004 . “Societal Reaction to Sex Offenders: A Review of the Origins and Results of Myths Surrounding Their Crimes and Treatment Amenability” . Deviant Behavior , 25 : 215 – 32 .
  • Ray , Melvin C. and Downs , William R. 1986 . “An Empirical Test of Labeling Theory Using Longitudinal Data” . Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , 23 : 169 – 94 .
  • Rushing , William A. and Esco , Jack . 1977 . “Status Resources and Behavioral Resources as Contingencies of Social Reaction” . Social Forces , 56 : 132 – 47 .
  • Sample , Lisa L. and Bray , Timothy M. 2003 . “Are Sex Offenders Dangerous?” . Criminology and Public Policy , 3 : 59 – 82 .
  • Sample , Lisa L. and Bray , Timothy M. 2006 . “Are Sex Offenders Different? An Examination of Rearrest Patterns” . Criminal Justice Policy Review , 17 : 83 – 102 .
  • Scheff , Thomas . 1966 . Being Mentally Ill , Chicago , IL : Adine .
  • Schulte , Aileen . 2002 . “Consensus Versus Disagreement in Disease-Related Stigma: A Comparison of Reactions to AIDS and Cancer Patients” . Sociological Perspectives , 45 : 81 – 104 .
  • Schur , Edwin M. 1971 . Labeling Deviant Behavior: Its Sociological Implications , New York : Harper and Row .
  • Sherman , Lawrence W. and Berk , Richard A. 1984 . “The Specific Deterrent Effects of Arrest for Domestic Assault” . American Sociological Review , 49 : 261 – 72 .
  • Silverman , Jon and Wilson , David . 2005 . Innocence Betrayed: Paedophilia, the Media and Society , Cambridge , , UK : Polity Press .
  • Tannenbaum , Frank . 1938 . Crime and the Community , Boston , MA : Ginn .
  • Tewksbury , Richard . 2005 . “Collateral Consequences of Sex Offender Registration” . Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice , 21 : 67 – 81 .
  • U.S. Department of Justice . 1997 . “Sex Offenses and Sex Offenders” , Washington , DC : U.S. Department of Justice .
  • U.S. Department of Justice . 2000 . “Correctional Populations in the United States, 1997” , Washington , DC : U.S. Department of Justice .
  • Walsh , Anthony . 1990 . “Twice-Labeled: The Effect of Psychiatric Labeling on the Sentencing of Sex Offenders” . Social Problems , 37 : 375 – 89 .
  • Wellford , Charles . 1975 . “Labelling Theory and Criminology: An Assessment” . Social Problems , 22 : 332 – 45 .
  • Wiederman , Michael W. 1999 . “Volunteer Bias in Sexuality Research Using College Student Participants” . Journal of Sex Research , 36 : 59 – 66 .
  • Winfree , Thomas L. , Newbold , Greg and Tubb , S. Houston III . 2002 . “Prisoner Perspectives on Inmate Culture in New Mexico and New Zealand: A Descriptive Case Study” . Prison Journal , 82 : 213 – 33 .
  • Winick , Bruce J. 1998 . “Sex Offender Law in the 1990s: A Therapeutic Jurisprudence Analysis” . Psychology, Public Policy, and Law , 4 : 505 – 70 .
  • Zevitz , Richard G. and Farkas , Mary Ann . 2000 . “Sex Offender Community Notification: Managing High Risk Criminals or Exacting Further Vengeance?” . Behavioral Sciences and the Law , 18 : 375 – 91 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.