1,179
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Minding the (Age) Gap: The Identity and Emotion Work of Men and Women in Age-Discrepant Romantic Relationships

&

References

  • Adler, Patricia, and Peter Adler. 2006. “The Deviance Society.” Deviant Behavior 27(2):129–48. doi:10.1080/15330150500468444.
  • Alarie, Milane and Jason T. Carmichael. 2015. “The ‘Cougar’ Phenomenon: An Examination of the Factors that Influence Age-Hypogamous Sexual Relationships among Middle-Aged Women.” Journal of Marriage and Family 77(5):1250–65. doi:10.1111/jomf.12213.
  • Banks, Colette A., and Paul Arnold. 2001. “Opinions toward Sexual Partners with Large Age Differences.” Marriage & Family Review 33(4):5–18. doi:10.1300/J002v33n04_02.
  • Barnes, Kristi. 2013. “A Review of Age-Discrepant Relationships Involving Younger Women: Couples Therapy, Not A ‘One Size Fits All’?.” Association for University Regional Campuses of Ohio 19:13–26.
  • Blackwell, Debra L., and Daniel T. Lichter. 2004. “Homogamy among Dating, Cohabiting, and Married Couples.” Sociological Quarterly 45(4):719–37. doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.2004.tb02311.x.
  • Cain, Roy. 1991. “Stigma Management and Gay Identity Development.” Social Work 36(1):67–73.
  • Clanton, Gordon. 1987. “A Historical Sociology of Sex and Love.” Teaching Sociology 15(3):307–11. doi:10.2307/1318347.
  • Cohen, Philip N. 2015. The Family: Diversity, Inequality, and Social Change. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
  • Collins, Patricia Hill. 2000. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. New York: Routledge.
  • Conley, Terry D., Amy C. Moors, Jes L. Matsick, and Ali Ziegler. 2013. “The Fewer the Merrier? Assessing Stigma Surrounding Consensually Non-Monogamous Romantic Relationships.” Analyses of Social Issues & Public Policy 13(1):1–30. doi:10.1111/j.1530-2415.2012.01286.x.
  • Conley, Terry D., and Joshua Rabinowitz. 2009. “The Devaluation of Relationships (Not Individuals): The Case of Dyadic Relationship Stigmatization.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 39(4):918–44. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2009.00466.x.
  • Cowan, Gloria. 1984. “The Double Standard in Age-Discrepant Relationships.” Sex Roles 11(1–2):17–23. doi:10.1007/BF00287436.
  • DeVault, Majorie L. 1999. “Comfort and Struggle: Emotion Work in Family Life.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 561:52–63. doi:10.1177/000271629956100104.
  • Elliott, Sinikka, and Debra Umberson. 2008. “The Performance of Desire: Gender and Sexual Negotiation in Long-Term Marriages.” Journal of Marriage and Family 70(2):391–406. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2008.00489.x.
  • Frost, David M. 2011. “Stigma and Intimacy in Same-Sex Relationships: A Narrative Approach.” Journal of Family Psychology 25(1):1–10. doi:10.1037/a0022374.
  • Goffman, Erving. 1963. Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. Saddleback, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Goode, Eriche. 2011. Deviant Behavior. Saddleback, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Heckert, Druann M., and Amy Best. 1997. “Ugly Duckling to Swan: Labeling Theory and the Stigmatization of Red Hair.” Symbolic Interaction 20(4):365–84. doi:10.1525/si.1997.20.4.365.
  • Herman, Nancy J. 1993. “Return to Sender: Reintegrative Stigma-management Strategies of Ex-psychiatric Participants.” Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 22(3):295–330. doi:10.1177/089124193022003002.
  • Hochschild, Arlie R. 1983. The Managed Heart. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Kalmijn, Matthijs. 1994. “Assortative Mating by Cultural and Economic Occupational Status.” American Journal of Sociology 100(2):422–52. doi:10.1086/230542.
  • Lehmiller, Justin. J., and Christopher R. Agnew. 2006. “Marginalized Relationships: The Impact of Social Disapproval on Romantic Relationship Commitment.” Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin 32(1):40–51. doi:10.1177/0146167205278710.
  • Lehmiller, Justin J., and Christopher R. Agnew. 2007. “Perceived Marginalization and the Prediction of Romantic Relationship Stability.” Journal of Marriage & Family 69(4):1036–49. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2007.00429.x.
  • Lehmiller, Justin J., and Christopher R. Agnew. 2008. “Commitment in Age-Gap Heterosexual Romantic Relationships: A Test of Evolutionary and Socio-Cultural Predictions.” Psychology of Women Quarterly 32(1):74–82. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2007.00408.x.
  • Lehmiller, Justin J., and Christopher R. Agnew. 2011. “May December Paradoxes: An Exploration of Age-Gap Relationships in Western Society.” Pp. 39–62 in The Dark Side of Close Relationships II. New York: Routledge.
  • Link, Bruce G. and Jo C. Phelan. 2001. “Conceptualizing Stigma.” Annual Review of Sociology 27(1):363–85. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.363.
  • McCall, George J., and J. L. Simmons. 1978. Identities and Interactions. New York: Free Press.
  • McClintock, Elizabeth A. 2014. “Beauty and Status: The Illusion of Exchange in Partner Selection?.” American Sociological Review 79(4):575–604. doi:10.1177/0003122414536391.
  • McPherson, Miller, Lynn Smith-Lovin, and James Cook. 2001. “Bird of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks.” Annual Review of Sociology 27(1):415–44. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.415.
  • Miall, Charlene E. 1986. “The Stigma of Involuntary Childlessness.” Social Problems 33(4):268. doi:10.2307/800719.
  • Newheiser, Anna-Kaisa, and Manuela Barreto. 2014. “Hidden Costs of Hiding Stigma: Ironic Interpersonal Consequences of Concealing a Stigmatized Identity in Social Interactions.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 52:58–70. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2014.01.002.
  • O’Brien, John. 2011. “Spoiled Group Identities and Backstage Work: A Theory of Stigma Management Rehearsals.” Social Psychology Quarterly 74(3):291–309. doi:10.1177/0190272511415389.
  • Park, Karen. 2002. “Stigma Management among the Voluntarily Childless.” Sociological Perspectives 45(1):21–45. doi:10.1525/sop.2002.45.1.21.
  • Pinel, Elizbeth. C., and Jennifer K. Bosson. 2013. “Turning Our Attention to Stigma: An Objective Self-Awareness Analysis of Stigma and Its Consequences.” Basic and Applied Social Psychology 35(1):55–63. doi:10.1080/01973533.2012.746593.
  • Proulx, Nichole, Sharon Caron, and Mary Ellin Logue. 2006. “Older Women, Younger Men: A Look at the Implications of Age Difference in Marriage.” Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy 5(4):43–64. doi:10.1300/J398v05n04_03.
  • Rosenfeld, Michael. J. 2008. “Racial, Educational, and Religious Endogamy in the United States: A Comparative Historical Perspective.” Social Forces 87(1):1–32. doi:10.1353/sof.0.0077.
  • Sandstrom, Kent. L. 1990. “Confronting Deadly Disease: The Drama of Identity Construction among Gay Men with AIDS.” Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 19(3):271–394. doi:10.1177/089124190019003002.
  • Sassler, Sharon, and Amanda J. Miller. 2011. “Waiting to Be Asked: Gender, Power, and Relationship Progression among Cohabiting Couples.” Journal of Family Issues 32(4):482–506. doi:10.1177/0192513X10391045.
  • Schmitt, Michael. T., Nyla Branscombe, Tom Postmes, and Amber Garcia. 2014. “The Consequences of Perceived Discrimination for Psychological Well-Being: A Meta-analytic Review.” Psychological Bulletin 140(4):921–48. doi:10.1037/a0035754.
  • Schutt, Russell. K. 2009. Investigating the Social World: The Process and Practice of Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
  • Scott, Marvin. B., and Stanford Lyman. 1968. “Accounts.” American Sociological Review 33(1):46–62. doi:10.2307/2092239.
  • Smith, Rachel. 2012. “Segmenting an Audience into the Own, the Wise, and Normals: A Latent Class Analysis of Stigma Related Categories.” Communication Research Reports 29(4):257–65. doi:10.1080/08824096.2012.704599.
  • Snow, David., and Leon Anderson. 1987. “Identity Work among the Homeless: The Verbal Construction and Avowal of Personal Identities.” American Journal of Sociology 94 (6):1336–71.
  • Steinbugler, Amy. 2005. “Visibility as Privilege and Danger: Heterosexual and Same-Sex Interracial Intimacy in the 21st Century.” Sexualities 8(4):425–43. doi:10.1177/1363460705056618.
  • Stephens, Dionne. P., and Layli D. Phillips. 2003. “Freaks, Gold Diggers, Divas, and Dykes: The Socio-Historical Development of Adolescent African American Women’s Sexual Scripts.” Sexuality & Culture 7(1):3–49. doi:10.1007/BF03159848.
  • Swidler, Ann. 2001. Talk of Love: How Culture Matters. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Sykes, Gresham, and David Matza. 1957. “Techniques of Neutralization: A Theory of Delinquency.” American Sociological Review 22(6):664–70. doi:10.2307/2089195.
  • U.S. Census Bureau. 2013. “Families and Living Arrangements.” Current Population Survey, 2013 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2013/demo/families/cps-2013.html. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  • Vaccaro, Christian A., Douglas P. Schrock, and Janice M. McCabe. 2011. “Managing Emotional Manhood: Fighting and Fostering Fear in Mixed Martial Arts.” Social Psychology Quarterly 74(4):414–37. doi:10.1177/0190272511415554.
  • Wade, Lisa, and Myra Marx Ferree. 2015. Gender: Ideas, Interactions, Institutions. New York: W.W. Norton.
  • Warren, Carol. 1996. “Older Women, Younger Men: Self and Stigma in Age-Discrepant Relationships.” Clinical Sociology Review 14(1):62–86.
  • Young, J. K. 2014. “We Are Pioneers:” Polyamorists’ Stigma Management Strategies.” Research Papers 533.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.